The Principles and Practice of Integrative Quantum Medicine

Dr Konstantin Korotkov

This book discusses the main principles of Integrative Medicine — a philosophy and practice of care that addresses the patient's physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. The human body is an open dynamic system, constantly exchanging matter, energy, and information with the environment and other people. All these influences can be both positive and negative — we live in symbiosis with the world of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and are constantly exposed to their attacks. A dynamic, functional approach to all aspects of the body, from anatomy, physiology, and the psyche, requires in many ways, a revision of existing medical education programs and the introduction of new elements into them. The main part of the book is devoted to presenting different quantum instruments used for diagnostics, treatment, and home self-care. The book is intended for health professionals and the interested public.

Contents

Introduction [9]

The need for Integrative Medicine [11]

What is integrative medicine? [15]

Part 1. The principles of Quantum medicine [25]

Principles of the human body functioning and their applications in integrative medicine [25]

Our Electrical Body [31]

Our Quantum Body [36]

What is Energy [48]

Energy and Entropy [49]

Entropy and Information [53]

What is Human Energy – Bioenergy? [55]

Part 2. Methods of Health Analysis in Quantum Medicine [65]

Heart Rate Variability Analysis [67]

Photon analysis in medicine [70]

Electrophotonic Imaging Technique [74]

Analysis of infrared radiation of a human body [78]

Analysis of the body Impedance [82]

Bioresonance Devices [84]

Electroacupuncture [85]

Part 3. Primary Methods of Treatment in Quantum Medicine [88]

Traditional Methods [88]

The modern patient is a polymorbid patient [88]

Osteopathic Correction [92]

Homeopathy through the Ages [100]

Acupuncture and integrative medicine [109]

Hirudotherapy [118]

Possibilities of Complex Application of Integrative Medicine Methods for Combined Pathology [119]

Electromagnetic Fields [124]

Electromagnetic Treatment [126]

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) [129]

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) [130]

Cranial Electrical Stimulation [133]

Microwave Therapy [134]

Extremely High Frequencies (EHF) [136]

Bioresonance Therapy [137]

Water as receiver and transmitter of information [140]

Magnetic Field Therapy [148]

Static Magnetic Field therapies [149]

Pulsed EMF Therapy [150]

Pulsed Signal Therapy [150]

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation [153]

Light Therapy [154]

Biophysical Mechanisms of Low Intensity Light Influence to Human Tissues [154]

Main areas and examples of light applications in medicine [164]

Sound Music Therapy [172]

Infrasound Therapy [173]

Medical Resonance Therapy Music [174]

Neuro-acoustic Therapy [175]

Tomatis method [176]

Combination of several methods [179]

Cosmetology [180]

Part 4. Home Self-Care versus Health-Care [183]

Anti-stress therapy [187]

EMF protection [198]

Part 5. The Main Conditions of Good Health [202]

Water and life [202]

Your mind is your doctor [215]

Conclusions [226]

References [227]

## Introduction

I regularly give lectures in different countries about integrative medicine. In recent years it was mainly by Zoom, but now I am invited several times a year for live talks, which are much more enjoyable and effective. It's nice to see that more and more doctors and specialists are using integrative medicine methods in their practice, and centers based on these principles are springing up worldwide. (We will talk about this in detail further on). But many integrative medicine methods, whether electromagnetic fields, light therapy, or homeopathy, are based on the ideas and achievements of modern science, especially physics. Scientists and engineers develop innovative methods and devices, which are tested in clinical conditions and used in practice. Still, most doctors and specialists have little idea of the principles on which it all works. They have long ago forgotten the basics of physics, even if they once learned it at school. People want to understand and enjoy knowledge but have no time or desire to read boring textbooks. They need information presented concisely, in plain language, and without scientific terminology, formulas, and graphs.

This is where the idea for this book sprang from. A person can memorize 15-20% of any lecture. The rest remains as a general impression. That is why one wants to take the book in hand and carefully read all the material.

The first part of this book is devoted to presenting ideas and principles. I tried to write clearly, but at a deep level, respecting my readers. If something is too difficult to understand, that's okay; not everyone needs to delve into the subtleties of scientific constructions. The main thing is to get an overall impression.

Integrative medicine is a comprehensive notion. The general principle is to treat a person as a triune entity: body/consciousness/soul. Perception of the human being as a single complex system where all systems and organs are interconnected, exchange information and resonate with each other—influencing the entire system rather than a single organ, biochemical reaction, or chain of genes. Integrative medicine is increasingly assertively taking its place in medical practice, and methods of diagnosis and treatment are expanding. That is why I have chosen only a small part of the vast field of integrative medicine — quantum energy medicine.  We will talk about what this is in the first part of the book.

I also provide a brief overview of the methods and instruments used in quantum energy medicine. As more and more integrative medicine centers appear worldwide, specialists must understand which techniques and devices are worth using, their advantages and whether there is an evidence base. Now any inventor can come up with a unique method, turn it into a device, and with some marketing ability, start promoting it via the Internet. A beautiful website, clever words, and unsuspecting customers start sending orders. But how effective this or that method may be along with whether there is an evidence base, remains a big question. I don't pretend to do a full review of all available methods and devices. What I share is based on my experience and my acquaintance with many successful world centers and experts. Besides, being a member of the expert council for many years on new medical equipment, and dozens of new methods and devices passed before us gives me additional insights into the material. This book is not a catalog, nor a methodological recommendation — but a presentation of ideas accumulated after many years of work. The material is presented in three parts:

• diagnostic instruments,

• devices for treatment,

• devices for home use.

Quantum medicine is constantly evolving, methods of quantum physics are penetrating deeper into medicine, and we have more and more opportunities to help people be healthy and happy. This book is intended for specialists of the broadest profile — from doctors and practitioners to the general public interested in new directions. I hope many will find this material helpful. The author is happy to receive any comments and suggestions.

## The need for Integrative Medicine

Modern medicine has come a long way since the mid-nineteenth century and has achieved impressive results. Most infectious diseases have been conquered (and we have even learned to construct artificial viruses that destroy specific populations); surgeons are transplanting organs and prolonging the lives of terminally ill people; cancer is no longer a death sentence — millions of women have undergone therapy and are happily living on; child mortality in developed countries has been minimized; cosmetic medicine allows people at 60 to look 30 years old; and so forth. I have the most profound respect for doctors working in traditional medicine — most of them are deep professionals and give their all to their profession. My wife and my daughter are doctors.

After these words, sophisticated readers may exclaim: "So why write a book on integrative medicine if everything is so good in official medicine?”

That's just it, and it's not so good. The goals of official medicine are to save lives and to remove unpleasant symptoms. More and more, the first problem is successfully solved, but the second is not so simple. Even if the doctor finds the cause of the unpleasantness (there are a lot of tests and expensive equipment for this), the doctor, in most cases, can only offer surgery or medications that solve the problem on a local biochemical level. If you have hypertension, take a pill to lower your blood pressure; if you have diabetes, get an insulin shot; if you have depression, here's an antidepressant. The medicine works, but the person is tied to the pharmacy kiosk. For the rest of their lives, they are caught in a spider's web and have to pay the drug companies nonstop.

On top of that are the side effects of the drugs. There is an addictive effect, so one has to increase the dose or look for more potent drugs. Bacteria evolve and adapt quickly to antibiotics. Allergies are on the rise, sometimes the most tragic. Many people take pills by the handful, they are all active chemical ingredients, and their interaction with each other is entirely unpredictable. Not without reason, law firms have proliferated in the US, making millions by finding victims of the pharmaceutical industry, filing lawsuits on behalf of the victims, and then settling with the companies (of course, with great profit for themselves). The official definition is that adverse drug reactions are unintended and undesired effects of drugs used to prevent, diagnose, or treat disease.

> «Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are far more commonplace than one would think. It is estimated that ADRs represent the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and Canada behind heart disease, cancer, and stroke. Further, it is estimated that ADRs are the sixth leading cause of death worldwide. Recent meta-analysis of prospective ADR studies estimates that over 180,000 Americans will die from ADRs and over one million will be injured from ADRs in 2008. Although these data are controversial and the actual incidence of ADRs is impossible to assess, there is no doubt that ADRs have a significant impact on both the healthcare delivery and the drug development industries». https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/adverse-drug-reaction.

The problem turned out to be so severe that it became a separate topic of scientific research and official investigations. But with all the resources spent, it is impossible to solve this problem — the body is a complex system of interconnected organs, with genetic, biochemical, and structural interactions. When we interfere with processes at the level of individual reactions, we do not know how this will affect other interrelated processes. Clinical studies reveal the most frequent reactions, but all organisms are unique, and it's impossible to predict one in a million. But you can expect anything when a vaccine against a virus is created in three months. That's what we've seen all over the world.

Another problem with conventional medicine is its cost. The resources spent are not directly proportional to the results obtained. Look at the graph in Figure 1. It shows life expectancy (vertical axis) as a function of healthcare costs (horizontal axis). The European countries, Israel, and the UK, all form a tight group, while the US appears far to the right and down. This means they spend the most on health care globally, with very average results.

Fig.1. Life expectancy at birth versus total spending on health per capita, USD.

Naturally, this is related to the system of healthcare organization (and above all, to the profit of insurance companies) to the diversification of the population, but the fact is a fact. Modern medicine is a big business, no drugs can compare to this, and everyone involved in it gets their cut (except the usual doctors, who live on the payroll).

These problems of modern medicine come primarily from a mechanistic understanding of the human body and the principles of Newtonian mechanics. The body is a set of organs working independently of each other, functioning through a series of biochemical reactions. If an organ ceases to function normally, it must be replaced. If the production of certain compounds is disrupted, they must be artificially introduced. In most cases, doctors have no opportunity to look for the underlying causes of disorders to try to correct them. There is simply no time for that. Patients prefer an immediate fix — take a pill, and feel better. No one wants to find the real cause and deal with it gradually. Doctors simply don't have the time. A wave of patients is always coming at them and everyone needs help. Although it’s not the fault of modern medicine, it is its misfortune. This is its level of development at the moment.

One more problem with modern medicine is the definition of medical care as a spectrum of services unified by the state's legal system. Providing care by type of service leads to treatment, not of a person, but to the mechanical provision of a service to an individual body, which is paid for by the insurance policy or the provision of emergency care to the extent guaranteed by the state of free medical care. And the legal apparatus closely monitors the implementation of the rules of treatment by checking the compliance of the doctor's prescription sheet with national protocols. Shortage of medical specialists, limited free medical care, and growing dissatisfaction with treatment among patients – all provided conditions for the growth of integrative medicine, in which people find answers to their questions and satisfaction through proper attention from high-level specialists.

Maybe in a hundred years, situation in the modern medicine will change, but most of us won't live to see it. So, let's see what we can do today.

## What is integrative medicine?

For centuries there was no medicine in Europe. This was due to the attitude of the Catholic Church — God gives life, illness is a punishment for sins, and only God can decide whether a sick person survives. In addition, dissecting the human body, both living and dead, was strictly forbidden. That is why all the doctors of the nobility were either Arabs or Jews (the Chinese with their needles and herbs were still far away).

In the Arabian Peninsula, even before Islam, there were many medical practices: cauterizing wounds with fire, bloodletting, stitching wounds, amputation, and treatment of purulent wounds and ulcers by dressings impregnated with special herbal and honey-based infusions. The Arabs also tinted their eyes with antimony to treat inflammatory conditions such as conjunctivitis and corneal or vitreous clouding. They also used olive oil to treat constipation and heal wounds. The Prophet Muhammad did not belittle the importance of medicine and remedies, so he was the chief advocate of physicians in his day. He said "knowledge is two sciences: body and religion," that is, the Messenger of Allah did not separate medicine and religion. We know the names of many prominent Arab physicians who established medical science long before the Europeans did. Let us mention just a few of them.

Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Razi (865-925) made significant contributions to various sciences, including medicine, chemistry, and physics. He wrote many important medical works, one of which is "Kitab al-Mansuri," which contains a detailed anatomical description of all human organs. He has another famous book, al-Hawi, a medical reference book. By the way, it was compulsory for medical students in Europe until the 17th century, and the treatise "Smallpox and Measles" was the main textbook for university graduates until 1617. Among Abu Bakr's most significant achievements were discovering certain chemical processes such as distillation, crystallization, and filtration. He was also the first to invent sutures, healing ointments, and an instrument for measuring the specific gravity of liquids.

Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (936-1013) became known in the Western world as Albukasis. The scholar is considered one of the most prominent surgeons in the Islamic world. Many have called him the "father of modern surgery" because he was the first to lay the foundations of this science, invented surgical endoscopes, and used syringes and trocars. Al-Zahrawi got rid of bladder stones with an instrument similar to the modern endoscope.

The Baghdad physician, Ali ibn Isa al-Qihal (1010-1067), was the father of Arab ophthalmology and a significant contributor to the teaching of eye diseases. His famous "Oculists' Notebook" combined information from Greco-Roman and Arabic sources. The book contains information on treating and classifying more than one hundred eye diseases.

Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Abdallah ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Sina (Latinized name - Avicenna) (980-1037). Ibn Sina's main philosophical work, his encyclopedic work "The Book of Healing," consists of four sections: logic, physics, mathematical sciences (geometry, arithmetic, music, astronomy), and metaphysics. This work is accompanied by Danish-Nama (Book of Knowledge) written in Farsi. An abridged version of the philosophical ideas of the Book of Healing is contained in the Book of Salvation. "The Book of Directions and Instructions," written in the last years of his life, is the final statement of his philosophical ideas, influenced by Sufism. Among other works, the Canon of Medicine had the most significant influence on Eastern and European scholars for several centuries.

Abu al-Hassan Alaa ad-Din Abu al-Hazm (1213-1288), also known as Ibn al-Nafis al-Qurashi, was the first to describe the structure of lungs and pulmonary blood circulation and also discovered that the heart is supplied with blood by coronary vessels, which completely contradicted the theory of Galen, on which Western physicians for many centuries relied.

There is no need to talk in detail about Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) — many works by various authors are devoted to describing its principles, and it is difficult to deny the effectiveness of its methods.

It is important to emphasize: the subject of both Arab and Chinese medicine was the patient, with all the peculiarities of his life, nutrition, and environment. They were treating the individual, whereas Western medicine has shifted to treating disease, considering the individual only as some system needing repair. Diagnosing and prescribing drugs is the main task of the modern physician. Few general practitioners have the time to talk to the patient. And few treat chronic patients and patients who have undergone treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy. Patients are discharged and left to deal with their problems. The integrative medicine field intends to change this situation. As mentioned by Bill Reddy and Leonard Wisneski (2022):

> The U.S. healthcare system is naturally evolving toward integrative, whole-person health. Optimal health is not just absence of disease—it is holistic in nature (physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual) including a person’s sense of purpose and meaning in their lives. Through the efforts of groups such as the Integrative Health Policy Consortium (www.ihpc.org ) and several others, Congress and many other stakeholder groups became aware that we need to focus on all aspects of health including environmental considerations. Currently, the U.S. healthcare system is in the process of embracing whole-person health with its focus on wellness and well-being in addition to the treatment of clinical disorders. The Veterans Administration Whole Health Program is one such example, where they are shifting the healthcare paradigm from “What’s the matter with you?” to “What matters to you?”

The Consortium of Academic Health Centers for Integrative Medicine in the USA defined integrative medicine as follows:

> “Integrative medicine and health reaffirm the importance of the relationship between practitioner and patient, focuses on the whole person, is informed by evidence, and makes use of all appropriate therapeutic and lifestyle approaches, healthcare professionals, and disciplines to achieve optimal health and healing.”

> https://imconsortium.org/about/introduction/

In other words, we can formulate it as a transition from the medicine of a battlefield, where it is necessary to save a life and send a patient to the homeland, to preventive medicine, focused on supporting health and wellness.

The integrative approach is based primarily on in-depth functional diagnosis, using all the capabilities of modern medicine, taking into account the psychological status of the patient, the choice of directions and methods of therapy, and the accompaniment of the patient at all stages of treatment.

For a long time, medical science, while accumulating and systematizing knowledge about human physiology, followed the path of fragmenting knowledge from the general to the particular, highlighting the cause of disease of a particular organ or system, with an emphasis on the study of biochemical and genetic mechanisms. Such an approach allowed the creation of a great number of highly effective medicines, but at the same time, it promoted the transition of many diseases to the chronic phase and the appearance of numerous unpredictable side effects. In addition, the pharmacological approach does not take into account the individual characteristics of the patient, as well as the influence of the psychological state, chronic anxiety, and stress. Therefore, having accumulated sufficient experience and knowledge, medical science returns to considering the particular to the general.

Integrative medicine is the latest name, and to my mind, the most appropriate. Before, it was Alternative, Complementary, Herbal, and Energy Medicine. It is clear this is not an alternative line of modern medicine but one more direction, having its principles and methods. Many doctors and practitioners accept it as their line of development, and more and more Academic Centers and Universities introduce the course of Integrative Medicine in their curriculum.

Classical medicine moves along the broad road, with billions of dollars involved in the process. In contrast, Integrative Medicine has its narrow path, but this path is becoming wider every year. I was able to witness tremendous development from 1990s to modern times. Back then, it was just a strange movement supported by enthusiasts and now it is a respected part of contemporary medicine.

At the same time, a lot of foundations in this field were established in Russia. In Russia, osteopathy and homeopathy are registered as medical specialties, which is not the case in other countries. The medical field of physiotherapy has been developing for many decades. Thousands of doctors work in this specialty. All Medical Universities have a course in physiotherapy, and excellent textbooks and monographs have been published. Integrative Medicine uses these traditions, translating many methods on a modern computer basis and developing new principles of human body analysis.

Integrative medicine is a philosophy of care that addresses the patient's physical, emotional, and spiritual needs.

The US National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine categorized AM branches in five main groups: (1) traditional medical techniques, such as whole medical systems; (2) mind-body therapy; (3) biological substance-based treatments; (4) manipulative and body-based treatment; and (5) energy medicine. We can reformulate these groups of specific diagnostic and therapeutic methods used in Integrative Medicine:

Traditional medical techniques:

• Traditional Chinese medicine;

• Ayurvedic medicine;

• Chinese herbal medicine;

• Tái Chi.

The use of natural and artificial substances:

• homeopathy;

• phytotherapy;

• naturopathy;

• balneology;

• hydrotherapy;

> • natural psychedelic drugs: Ayahuasca, marihuana, fungis, etc;

> • bio-supplements: vitamins, trace elements, amino acids, hormones.

Methods of influence through the body:

• osteopathy;

• manual techniques;

• reflexology;

• massage;

• acupuncture;

• Pilates;

• yoga;

• moksha, heat and cold treatments.

Technical methods (Quantum medicine):

• electromagnetic fields of a wide range;

• magnetic fields, static and dynamic;

• impedance technologies;

• photonic technology;

• sound and music;

• resonance and scalar technologies;

• biofeedback;

• medical devices in the home.

Mental practices:

• psychological methods;

• hypnosis;

• meditation;

• regression therapy;

• distant spiritual healing.

Fig.2. The primary modalities of Integrative Medicine.

The human body is an open dynamic system, constantly exchanging matter, energy, and information with the environment and other people.  All these influences can be both positive and negative — we live in symbiosis with the world of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and are constantly exposed to their attacks. A dynamic, functional approach to all aspects of the body, from anatomy, physiology, and the psyche, requires in many ways a revision of existing medical education programs and the introduction of new elements into them.

An essential part of Integrative Medicine is the interaction between patient and doctor. Ideally, a doctor should see the patient as a unity of Body, Mind, and Spirit and address all these aspects of human nature.

The evidence base for Integrative Medicine is based on the following principles:

• Clinical outcome efficacy shown in controlled clinical trials (considered compelling evidence for clinical use).

• Evidence based on established physiological mechanisms of action (e.g., changes in brain gamma-aminobutyric acid activity by valerian), although evidence of validated physiological mechanisms of action does not necessarily indicate effectiveness of clinical outcomes.

• Use over a long period of time, from decades to centuries, such as the methods of traditional Chinese medicine.

At the same time, research into the effects of integrative therapy often poses problems beyond those faced by researchers of conventional therapies:

• Therapy cannot always be standardized. For example, there are different acupuncture systems, and the content and biological activity of extracts from the same plant species differ from each other.

• Diagnosis cannot be standardized. The use of many therapies (e.g., traditional herbal medicine, homeopathy, acupuncture) is based on the unique characteristics or experience of the physician, rather than on the disease or disorder diagnosed with traditional medicine.

• Integrative treatments emphasize the whole person and thus include patients who may be excluded from randomized controlled trials based on evidence-based medicine because they have comorbidities.

• Results are difficult to standardize because they are often person-specific or focused on general health rather than based on objective and uniform measurements (like mean blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin levels, or mortality).

Despite these problems, many high-quality studies of therapies (e.g., acupuncture, homeopathy) have been developed and performed. The works (Finniss, 2010. Zhang, 2015) have analyzed a sufficient number of studies on acupuncture process controls and devices. Using carefully designed placebos, researchers have been able to isolate the effects of some therapies. Evidence supporting the appropriateness of these modalities includes results that are more effective than, or equal to, placebo use than conventional therapies.

We have an increasing worldwide movement in the field of Integrative Medicine, and official recognition on the highest level. As it is written in the Editorial for the Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine (Hughes, 2023):

> The 2018 Declaration of Astana issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) represents a landmark step for all primary health care, public health, and traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) approaches. It coalesced and advanced the priorities of the WHO's 1978 Alma-Ata Declaration, which emphasized the importance of universal healthcare with UNICEF's Sustainable Development Goals.

> Importantly for the field of TCIM, the Declaration of Astana represents the first global primary health care document to explicitly acknowledge the value and importance of traditional medicine systems in achieving successful primary health services. In this the Declaration articulates commitments from the global health community and identifies success drivers to meeting those commitments (see Table 1). Despite not all commitments and drivers being directly linked to TCIM, these collectively represent opportunities for meaningful engagement to improve primary care—opportunities that the TCIM research community is well placed to explore.

Of all the books on Integrative Medicine, the best, from my point of view, is the one written by an outstanding American doctor, one of the leaders of Integrative Medicine in the USA, Leonard A. Wisneski (2017). From all the modalities described in this book, we want to discuss only one line – Quantum Energy Medicine. The following chapters will briefly review this field's scientific principles and practical applications.

## Part 1. The principles of Quantum medicine

## Principles of the human body functioning and their applications in integrative medicine

> The human body has two ends on it: one to create with and one to sit on. Sometimes people get their ends reversed.

> Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919)

Throughout the history of modern science, scientists have tried to understand the principles that govern the operation of the human body. They have always done so on the basis of existing concepts, such as the accepted ruling paradigm. In the XVII – XIXth centuries, the human body was compared with mechanisms, functioning on the basis of Newtonian principles. In the XXth century, biochemical principles came to the forefront, supported to some extent by the electrical; in the XXIst century, the temptation was to reduce all the roots of health problems to genetics, but this approach had not been justified. At last, we have come to the understanding that all these principles operate simultaneously, and all of them are equally important, and influence each other. Chemical agents circulate in the body, controlled by electrical signals while factoring in the effects of genetics and local environmental conditions.

These principles have been accepted by a newly developing branch of medicine – Integrative Medicine. It is defined by the Consortium of Academic Health Centers for Integrative Medicine as “an approach to the practice of medicine that makes use of the best available evidence taking into account the whole person (body, mind, and spirit), including all aspects of lifestyle.” [White, 2014].

Concepts of scientific integrative medicine include [Glodsein, 2013]: (i) negative feedback regulation, maintaining the stability of the body’s monitored variables; (ii) homeostats, which compare information about monitored variables with algorithms for responding; (iii) multiple effectors, enabling compensatory activation of alternative effectors and primitive specificity of stress response patterns; (iv) effector sharing, accounting for interactions among homeostats and phenomena such as hyperglycemia attending gastrointestinal bleeding and hyponatremia attending congestive heart failure; (v) stress, applying a definition as a state rather than as an environmental stimulus or stereotyped response; (vi) distress, using a noncircular definition that does not presume pathology; (vii) allostasis, corresponding to adaptive plasticity of feedback-regulated systems; and (viii) allostatic load, explaining chronic degenerative diseases in terms of effects of cumulative wear and tear.

A detailed discussion of the methods and therapies utilized in Integrative Medicine may be found in the books [Wisneski, 2017. Rakel, 2018], here I want to discuss the overall principles of body functioning related to Integrative Medicine.

The body is an open system, constantly exchanging matter, energy, and information with the environment, ranging from individuals, like ourselves, to the level of the universe; dependent on the absorbed water, air, and food; and, as has now been established, on the wide range of unseen fields of natural and man-made origin. One cannot isolate people from their environment. Similarly, the workings of the kidneys or the stomach cannot be considered without taking into account the activity of the organism as a whole. At the same time, we have not yet addressed the influence of consciousness and soul upon the physical body, because this is a topic of a separate discussion, which attracts more and more attention in modern science and society.

Speaking of the body from a conceptual point of view, we can simplistically distinguish three main operational levels: external material and information factors, the control loop, and the level of executive systems. The following can be attributed to the external material and information factors [Korotkov, 2012]:

• The information field of the universe;

• The information field of human consciousness;

• Informational influence of society and people on each other;

• Individual human responses, emotions and stress;

• Effects of food and water;

• The impact of natural and technological fields;

• The level of trace elements accumulated in the body;

• Chemical and radiation pollution;

• Viruses, bacteria, parasites, worms, fungi, mold and other living entities that cause trouble;

• Influence of geophysical conditions of the environment and habitats.

Marked effects are processed by the loop of response and management, which consists of three main systems:

• The nervous system (the brain as part of the nervous system);

• The endocrine system; and

• The immune system.

These systems control the entire human physiology. They respond to all the attacks coming from the external environment and react to changes in external conditions, struggling to cope with the food consumed while reflecting our emotional and stress responses. And so it goes on 24 hours a day, seven days a week, for years on end. We know that the body can work for 100+ years and the number of people who have reached this level in the world is constantly growing. There are talks that this period may be extended to 130–140 years, but so far it has remained in the domain of wishful thinking. And also, there is the question of whether it is advisable to live so long. You will be tired after all... The main thing is to stay active in your old age and not lie down for decades as a vegetable.

As with any control system, the distinguished triad (nervous/endocrine/immune) accumulates errors that affect normal operations — that is, the state of health. This mainly occurs when a person is under the influence of harmful factors over a period of many years. Harmful factors include consistently consuming fast food products and chemicals, often working on the night shift, or living in a state of permanent stress. The body resists for a long time but eventually succumbs. Recovery is possible, but it requires much time and great effort.

Sometimes, for unknown reasons, the system malfunctions. The immune system begins to fight with its own cells, and there is a complex class of autoimmune diseases. In some cases, it depends on genetic predetermination, but mostly it remains a mystery to modern medicine. It can only register the fact of damage and then attempt to block the process with strong chemicals.

Decoding the genome was the greatest achievement of science, but the assurance that this would allow us to overcome all diseases has not been justified. Attempts to turn genetics into a business and register patents on individual genes have, fortunately, failed. Everything is much more difficult than what was envisaged by linear-minded biologists. There is no aging gene or gene of genius. The situation is much more complex. (Though there are a number of genes that define predisposition to certain diseases, for example, breast cancer). In short, instead of a cavalry charge, it has been necessary to organize a slow attack.

Much attention is paid now to the direction called epigenetics [Dupont, 2009. Reik, 2007. Bishop, 2017] — the process of the expression of genes influenced by external factors. That is important not only for the genes which are in the genome but whether they will be turned on at some stage in life. This largely depends on the influence of the environment. If once revealed, a new feature may be transferred by inheritance. Science at this exciting new stage has come to recognize the ideas of Jean- Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) that accumulated traits may be inherited. This idea had been completely driven underground by the pressure of Darwinism. Lamarck was mocked and forgotten (although his monument stands at the center of Paris). Only now are we returning to his ideas.

All these three control systems are interconnected, continuously interacting, exchanging information, and influencing each other. This is a united control system of the body. Under its control are the executive systems; the main ones are [Hall, 2017]:

• The cardiovascular system;

• Gastro-intestinal tract;

• Respiratory system;

• Circulatory system;

• Muscular-skeletal system;

• Excretory system;

• Skin system.

This division is very conditional. Different classifications can be found in the literature, but these do not matter to us. What is most important is the idea of functioning circuits. Our body is a unified system in which everything is interconnected and interdependent. Disturbances in one system instantaneously affect the workings of all the others and only together can we try to fix the situation. We can say that the basic idea of the body’s functioning is the maintenance of homeostasis: the balance of all systems with the environment. Our body possesses huge compensatory abilities and, in the case of the loss of any function, can eventually be replaced by others. For example, the loss of one kidney or one lung is compensated by the work of the remaining organ.

Recently, it has been shown that even nerve cells can regenerate! [Steward, 2013. Reckor, 2016]. Related to the brain, this concept is known as brain plasticity [Sasmita, 2018] — the ability of different parts of the brain to replace damaged parts. Therefore, with appropriate therapy, a person could recover from a stroke fairly completely.

The Oriental approach is another vision of how the human body functions. It operates on the concept of energy and describes the movement of energy in the human body. In Traditional Chinese medicine, this corresponds to the principle of Yin-Yang, which has a correlation with the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The energy is transferred through the meridians, which are divided into Yin and Yang. To date, there are several theories explaining meridians: the theory of unified fascial networks that repeat meridians and the theory of human electromagnetic field lines that exit and intersect at biologically active points. Active points of meridians are acupuncture points through which impacts can be made via the meridian on a particular organ. In the twentieth century, the resistance of the skin at these points is found to be significantly less than in the surrounding regions. From the standpoint of Occidental science, this fact was completely inexplicable and caused Western scientists and physicians to take Chinese medicine more seriously. The scientific world became divided into those who have accepted the principles of the movement of energy in the body and are using them, and those who deny these categorically. In Indian Ayurvedic medicine, there is the principle of Chakras — the energy centers that control all the processes in the body — which is very similar to the principle of vegetative regulation.

## Our Electrical Body

The study of the electrical activity of biological tissues began in the 18th century and continues to this day. L. Galvani (1737-1798) discovered the existence of "animal electricity." A. Volta (1745-1827) found a way to produce electricity. C. Matteucci (1811-1868) proved the existence of electrical phenomena in biological tissues. E. Du Bois-Reymond (1818-1896), who was the founder of electrophysiology, introduced the concepts of "excitation" and "excitatory tissues." E.-J. Marey (1830-1904) used a capillary electrometer to record oscillations of the beating potentials of the heart. W. Einthoven (1860-1927) created the electrocardiograph in 1895 and won the Nobel Prize in 1924.

Scientific progress of the second half of the twentieth century led to significant dynamics of bioenergetics research, which is connected with the deepening of fundamental knowledge and growth of technical capabilities. The first method of recording human biomagnetic radiation was photographing it in an electric field, known as the "Kirlian Effect" (Now the principles of the “Kirlian Effect” are represented on a modern level in Bio-Well instruments. www.bio-well.com). In the 1970s, the creation of magnetometer devices made it possible to register the magnetic field in humans. The application of ultrasensitive sensor-gradiometers SQUID (translated as superconducting quantum interference device) in magnetometers opened the way to introducing magnetography into practical medicine. Experience in using magnetocardiography and magnetic encephalography gave a lot of material regarding the characterization of the biomagnetic component of the human organism. Methods were also developed to evaluate the biomagnetic field of the transverse striated muscles, eyes, and stomach. At the same time, a lot of research was carried out to study the electrical conductivity of human tissues: electrical capacitance and electrical resistance of cell membranes were determined, electrical heterogeneity of skin surface was established, and biologically active points, their biophysical parameters, localization on the human body, morphological properties, blood supply, innervation, biochemistry of biologically active points loci were determined.

EMF interactions and endogenous fields produced within the body play essential roles in the regulation of ion transport, maintenance of the cell membrane electrical potential, formation of action potentials in the nervous system, regulation of transport pathways, coordination of cell migration, embryonic development, and wound healing [Funk, 2006, 2009]. In addition to these widely studied ion-driven interactions, recent evidence has shown that a variety of biological regulation processes occur via endogenous EMFs within the cytoskeleton. For example, it has been shown that electric fields generated by the intracellular network of microtubules, centrosomes, and chromosomes play a fundamental role in regulating the dynamics of mitosis, meiosis, and a variety of other processes [Zhao, 2012. Plankar, 2013]. It has also been shown that endogenous electric fields in nuclear DNA-containing chromatin play a key role in chromosome packing during mitosis [Zhao, 2012], electric fields of physiological magnitude can orient cell division, and electrochemical rhythms in the cytoskeletal matrix can influence voltage-gated ion channel activity and the phosphorylation status of binding molecules such as MAP2 and CaMKII, which in turn affect cytoskeletal structure and connectivity [Glass, 2001]. Experimental evidence has demonstrated endogenous EMF signaling in microtubules, cytoskeletal structures that play a role in molecular signaling and transport.

It was shown that "all living cells generate an electrostatic charge, individual for each type of tissue, under the influence of metabolic processes. This fact was proved by H. Frolich (1905-1991); a significant contribution was made by the works of A.S. Davydov (1984) (Mintser, 2021).

> "All living cells form their own endogenous variable electromagnetic fields of the Frelich-Davydov type, which have a high degree of coherence, like laser radiation. Living cells have the ability to modulate their bioelectromagnetic field with biosystem structure automatically. Bioelectromagnetic fields carry obvious information about code frequency and are solitons.”

> Single cells generate a high-frequency electromagnetic field in the millimeter wavelength range with a frequency of 1-100 GHz with a radiation level of 10-20W/Hz/cm2 (Panova 2008, Petrosian, 2001).

For the microwave range of wavelengths (30-300 GHz), resonant absorption of radiation at several frequencies is observed in a very narrow range (fractions of a percent of the absorption frequency range), which is explained by the properties of cell membranes, which have the frequency of their vibrations in the range from 1010-1011Hz (Skulachev, 1989. Devyatkov, 1991).

The fact of photon emission "Ultra-Weak Photon Emission" (UWPE) by all living cells without external stimulation has been established. It is also characteristic of the cells of the human body. UWPE is explained by its release during metabolic processes and, accordingly, by the appearance of the bioelectromagnetic field of tissues (Cifra, 2014. Tinsley, 2016).

The highest UPE intensity is registered on the face with the maximum in the mouth and cheek area. The mechanism of photon emission comes from the formation of free radicals in metabolic energy processes. Free radicals subsequently react with lipids or proteins to form electronically excited forms as byproducts. These excited molecules can then react with fluorophores via energy transfer leading to the emission of photons. The higher level of photons on the facial skin may be due to the difference in melanin fluorophore content between the facial skin and the thorax. The established absence of a significant correlation between photon emission and the thermal image indicates that the daily rhythm of photon emission is not the result of changes in temperature or microcirculation. Moreover, a clear negative correlation between temporal changes in photon emission and cortisol levels may indicate that the diurnal rhythm of photon emission reflects changes in cellular metabolic processes under the control of circadian rhythms (Kobayashi, 2009. Salari, 2015).

Korean scientist Kim Bong Han discovered a new anatomical formation called the Primo Vascular System (PVS). According to many scientists, the primary vascular system is a morphological substrate providing the formation and transport of biophotons. The PVS structure is a transparent network of optical channels with granules of DNA inside. Similar to a web in the body at six tissue levels, this system provides the basis of a meridian network. Although confirmed in later studies, these conclusions have caused numerous debates and require further research. (Soo Jae Lee, 2008. Avijgan, 2013. Kwang-Sup Soh, 2009, 2013. Stefanov, 2013. Sender, 2016).

Russian and Ukrainian scientists developed original concepts of quantum organization of the function of biological systems. They concluded that every independently functioning cell [and any living object — tissue, organ, organism] is an integral quantum-mechanical system, the self-consistent macroscopic potential of which is formed in accordance with the genome in millimeter range of electromagnetic waves due to the electromagnetic activity of cell membranes (Sit`ko, 1991. Minster, 2021).

There are no chemical forces among the fundamental forces of nature (strong, weak, electromagnetic, gravitational fields). Chemical interactions are nothing but a short-range component of electromagnetic interaction, which is released in liquids and solids due to a number of effects. The main effect is screening the field by neighboring quasi-neutral molecules. Chemical forces, by definition, cannot organize and maintain the correlation of processes in the whole macroscopic organism, i.e., they just cannot, in principle, provide differentiation and morphogenesis, as well as individual DNA molecules (no matter how complex) cannot be "responsible" for any organs, diseases, talent, life span, etc...

Application of quantum mechanics principles — identity and discreteness — introduced into science is a universal criterion of fundamentality or the presence of characteristic natural frequencies. The basis of living physics is the idea that besides anatomical and morphological systems of the organism, there is the so-called electromagnetic framework of the human, or to be more precise, in physical terms, the actual coherent field of the human in the mm-range of electromagnetic waves. This field is created due to the electromagnetic activity of each body cell, but being made, it directs, synchronizes, and coordinates the work of all body organs and structures both in the womb and after birth during the whole life. And since the genome of each somatic cell of the given organism is identical, it is through the creation and functioning of this electromagnetic framework that hereditary chromosome information is realized, providing a correlation of all biochemical processes in the organism. The self-consistent potential of the whole organism allows for overcoming a ban on applying quantum mechanics and its principles for integral macroscopic systems (such as a human organism).

All these data and concepts demonstrate that exploring a quantum level of body functioning is in development. Still, existing understanding allows us to develop new methods and instruments for operation on this level.

## Our Quantum Body

> "I’m deeply sure that we will never be able to understand the essence of life if we restrict our- selves to the molecular level... A surprising subtlety of biological reactions is stipulated by the mobility of electrons and can be explained only from the position of quantum mechanics."

> А. Szent-Györgyi, 1893-1954

Quantum Energy Medicine is a scientific field that uses the principles of quantum physics to develop methods of health and wellness analysis and treatment.

In the middle of the 18th century, Isaac Newton brilliantly formulated the laws of mechanics. These laws entirely govern our everyday world. Of course, outstanding scientific achievements were made in the 19th century: nonlinear mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism. But the next step in comprehending the principles of world structure was made at the beginning of the 20th century when the principles of quantum physics were formulated.

Quantum physics describes the behavior of the smallest particles of matter — electrons, photons, and a whole zoo of other particles. Understanding quantum physics is daunting and not all physics students succeed as Newton's laws do not apply. And this is the first paradox of quantum physics. We can describe the behavior of objects in the world around us in detail. Still, as soon as we penetrate the subtleties of the structure of matter, we penetrate a world governed by entirely different principles, essentially paradoxical. In this world, a photon is both a wave and a particle; an electron can "go through a wall," and particles can communicate from different ends of the Universe.

At the same time, we are surrounded by quantum devices working on the principles of quantum physics. The work of a cell phone and a computer is determined by a tiny microchip built on the principles of quantum physics. Your car, TV, and washing machine have "electronic brains" working on these principles. And we are not talking about the development of quantum computers, quantum cryptography, or artificial intelligence.

And in the 21st century, the development of quantum biology began.

> Quantum biology is the field of study that investigates processes in living organisms that the classical laws of physics cannot accurately describe. Biology and biological processes often deal with continuously transferring electrons and protons between different cell parts or macromolecular systems. These transfer processes only occur when the system exchanges energy with its environment through molecular vibrations and phonons. Such a system is called an ‘open quantum system,’ and special physical laws apply. Examples of biological processes in which quantum effects are visible are the transport of electrons and protons in photosynthesis, respiration, vision, catalysis, olfaction, and basically every other biological transport process. Further examples include electronic and/or vibrational energy transfer and magnetic field effects in electron transfer and bird migration.

> https://royalsociety.org/blog/2019/02/the-future-of-quantum-biology/

Our body operates on different levels (fig. 3). Level 1 is a quantum level: the level of electron and photon exchanges in the body. Our nervous system operates by electrons. The production of photons is a part of all biochemical reactions, and these photons play an essential role in the correlation activity of different organs and systems. Our main energy station – mitochondria – operates on a quantum level, and we will discuss this later. The Quantum level is the most sensitive and responds to material and informational influences. Deregulation at this level may cause an inability of mitochondria to generate energy. People will consequently suffer from low energy, having all classical parameters in the normal range (typical for chronic fatigue).

Fig. 3. Levels of organism functioning.

Today, the evidence of macroscopic quantum effects in biology has yielded a plethora of phenomena that can be understood through the application of quantum physics. They include an understanding of the role of coherence in photosynthesis and the avian compass through which birds navigate (Ishizaki, 2009), the sense of smell (Lloid, 2011), quantum coherence in microtubules (Jibu, 1994), regeneration (Levin, 2009), photosynthesis, DNA mutation, enzymatic activity (quantum biochemistry), magnetoreception, and quantum processes in brain dynamics (Quantum, 2014. Freeman, 2008).

Key features of quantum mechanics are the uncertainty principle, wave–particle duality, quantization of energies, and the modification of classical probability laws. Biology is concerned with how natural systems function – from understanding how genetically coded information is replicated, to attaining a mechanistic model for complex multistep reactions. The ideas of quantum physics are now used to understand biological processes. This field includes fascinating developments in theory and experiment, as well as multidisciplinary discussion, and the state-of-the-art is documented in this book. Erwin Schrödinger, in his famous book What is Life? (Schrödinger, 1944), noted that quantum mechanics accounts for the stability of living things and their cellular processes because of our understanding, via quantum mechanics, of the stability and structure of molecules. Also important is the fact that quantum effects create energy gaps (sometimes large) between different states of a chemical system. Such energy gaps between electronic energy levels enable living organisms to capture and store the energy carried from the sun by photons and to visualize the world around them via optically induced chemical reactions (Quantum, 2014). The application of quantum microphysics to macroscopic scales is natural and yet at the same time surprising. The naturalness is because quantum physics is the most complete theory of physical reality that we have whereas classical physics is incomplete. The surprise is that most quantum effects occurring in the microcosm, such as entanglement and nonlocality, don’t readily apply to everyday experience.

On the other hand, all the features of unbroken wholeness of reality implicit in quantum theory—non-separability, non-locality, fundamental connectedness—which are so fundamental for biological understanding, are an expression of the properties of the physical vacuum (Bishof, 2003). According to this view, the physical vacuum organizes the structure of space-time through macroscopic EMFs, and the phase-controlling property of the electromagnetic potentials plays a central role. The importance of phase relations for complex biosystems, consisting of many oscillating fields coupled nonlinearly by their phase relations, points to the importance of the vacuum for the biofield itself.

Relatedly, the coherence of biophoton emission has been suggested to arise from “potential information” in the organism that is virtual and non-measurable. Therefore, a “superfluid vacuum model” has been proposed for the biophoton emission of seeds and its connection to their vitality. This model characterizes the vacuum as a superfluid Bose-condensate of photons in which virtual fields in the vacuum state are involved. There is significantly more to the quantum vacuum than just the electromagnetic vacuum (the zero-point fluctuations). The fundamental quantum mechanical nature of biological phenomena will only be fully understood if the vacuum is taken into full and explicit consideration as the essence and ground of these phenomena. The quantum vacuum may serve as a framework for a unification program in biology aimed at incorporating all relevant aspects of life into a physical picture of the organism (Zeiger, 1998. Giudice, 2010).

Level 2 is an Energy field (Biofield) level. This level reflects the participation of different dimensions of a person's functioning: physical, mental, and spiritual.

> What is understood so far is that the biofield is composed of a series of fields, electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields, as well as other yet undefined, more subtle energies. The term biofield was first published in the United States National Institute of Health Report on Complementary and Alternative Medicine in 1995 and accepted by the United States National Library of Medicine as a medical subject heading (MeSH) term the following year.

> https://www.faim.org/what-is-the-biofield

Modern medicine extensively uses methods for studying the body's electrical activity: electrocardiography (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG), and electromyography (EMG) have become daily tools for doctors. Remote methods of measuring these parameters exist in scientific laboratories. We emit radiation in a wide range of frequencies: from infrared light — and light is a wave (support of a high temperature of the body needs up to 50% of the whole-body energy consumption) to high-frequency electromagnetic waves. The biofield is how we interact with the environment and each other. We can “feel” each other. Babies have this natural ability: to smile or cry at seeing others. When we grow up, most people lose this ability. But still, we can feel it when someone looks at us from the back.

British biologist Rupert Sheldrake explores this phenomenon in his book “The Sense of Being Stared At.” (2004). Drawing on more than 5,000 case histories, 4,000 questionnaire responses, and the results of experiments on staring, thought transference, phone telepathy, and other phenomena carried out with more than 20,000 people as well as reports and data from dozens of independent research teams, Rupert shows that these unexplained human abilities — such as the sense of being stared at — are not paranormal but expected as part of our biological nature.

At the same time, the biofield concept provides ground for understanding the principles of operation of many treatment modalities, as demonstrated in Beverly Rubik’s paper “The Biofield Hypothesis: Its Biophysical Basis and Role in Medicine” she describes the biofield as:

> This paper provides a scientific foundation for the biofield: the complex, extremely weak electromagnetic field of the organism hypothesized to involve electromagnetic bioinformation for regulating homeodynamics. The biofield is a useful construct consistent with bioelectromagnetics and the physics of nonlinear, dynamical, nonequilibrium living systems. It offers a unifying hypothesis to explain the interaction of objects or fields with the organism, and is especially useful toward understanding the scientific basis of energy medicine, including acupuncture, biofield therapies, bioelectromagnetic fields comprising the biofield as well as its holistic properties may account for the rapid, holistic effects of certain alternative and complementary medical interventions (Rubik, 2002).

Another definition describes it as (Hammerschlag, 2015. Mills, 2010. Wisneski, 2017. Muehsam, 2015):

> An organizing principle for the dynamic information flow that regulates biological function and homeostasis. Biofield interactions are said to organize spatio-temporal biological processes across hierarchical levels, from the sub- atomic, atomic, molecular, cellular and organismic. As such, biofield interactions may have the ability to influence a variety of biological pathways, including biochemical, neurological and cellular related to electromagnetism, correlated quantum information flow, and perhaps other yet to be identified means for modulating activity and information flow across hierarchical levels of biology.

At the same time these definitions are not accepted by all the scientific community, as discussed in (Shamini J, 2015).

> While the term biofield itself is fairly new, discussion on the importance and role of consciousness, energy, and information to create and guide emotional, mental, and physical functioning has been described by numerous diverse cultures and used in medical systems for thousands of years. Despite the careful definition and description of biofield-related concepts in these cultures, our modern descriptions and understandings of such concepts and how they may relate to healing processes are still in their nascent stages. Even among biofield science researchers, there is disagreement about whether vitalistic concepts such as chi and prana are essential for describing the biofield, whether the biofield can be reduced to bioelectromagnetic emanations on different levels of scale, or whether the understanding of the biofield at its core demands a new understanding of physics and biology that incorporate models of consciousness.

A new direction of scientific research is emerging – biofield physiology. It is proposed as a descriptor for the electromagnetic, other types of spatially-distributed systems generate and respond to as integral aspects of cellular, tissue, and whole organism self-regulation and organization (Wisneski, 2017. Hammerschlag, 2015). Medical physiology, cell biology, and biophysics provide the framework within which evidence for biofields, their proposed receptors, and functions is presented. As such, biofields can be viewed as affecting physiological regulatory systems in a manner that complements the more familiar molecular-based mechanisms.

In addition to the high-speed electrical signals conducted along nerve axons, a second communication network, based on ubiquitous epithelial cells, conducts information as slowly varying direct currents (Robinson, 1996). The DC fields generated by this system, when spread across considerable distances, play key roles in recognizing and responding to damage, like guiding cell migration necessary for the healing of wounds in the skin, heart, and cornea, as well as in regulating the migration of neuronal path-finding. Recent research has identified numerous molecular signaling pathways that mediate the interactions of these bioelectric fields, with the plasma membrane and cytoskeletal mechanisms to facilitate tissue repair (Zhao, 2006).

Magnetic fields produced by the heart appear to carry information that can also be detected by other people or animals (McCraty, 2009). An example of the informational potential (bio-effectiveness) of these heart fields is cardiac-induced entrainment or frequency locking, detected when the R-waves of one subject’s ECG become precisely synchronized with the onset of EEG alpha waves of another subject at a distance of up to 5 feet. Heart fields may also encode psycho-emotional information, as indicated by the 75% accuracy rate in detecting discrete emotional states from patterns of heart rate variability (Leon, 2010).

At a functional level, the electromagnetic activity of neural assemblies has been proposed to modulate neuron synchronization (Lestienne, 2001) and circadian rhythmicity and to underlie the computational and cognitive processes of the brain (Aur, 2012). More specifically, weak sinusoidal electric fields appear to enhance and entrain physiological neocortical network activity (Fröhlich, 2010). Thus, in a feedback loop, the local fields help to synchronize the neural network that generates them. Considerations of the physiological activity of biofields also include resonance signaling, i.e., the modulation of cell function by specific electromagnetic frequencies (Foletti, 2013). We need to consider the involvement of nonclassical and quantum forms of energy and scalar waves (Swanson, 2008).

Sufficient evidence based on nonlocal, integrated, information-conveying phenomena and on emerging molecular details of localized biophysical interactions, has accrued to consider biofield physiology as a viable scientific discipline. Endogenously generated pulses of ultraweak photons, electromagnetic fields, and patterns of distributed membrane voltage are varied forms of physiological activity designated as biofields, each with established properties and proposed biological functions. Several receptor systems have been identified that mediate responses to these biofields. By analogy with the hormones, receptors, and regulatory functions that comprise endocrinology, components of the biofield physiology framework are in place.

An important component of biofield is photon emission. Bio-Well instrument (which we discuss later) measures photons stimulated from the body by an electromagnetic field, and software represents some features of a Biological Field (fig. 4).

Level 3 is a level of biochemical processes that is undoubtedly the most important for the body's functioning. Every second thousands of chemical reactions take place in the body. The stomach breaks food into its molecules, and a team of bacteria in the intestine greedily gobbles up the molecular complexes, completing their transformation. At the brain's command, hormones and neurotransmitters are released, and immune system cells monitor all suspicious aliens and clear out the accumulated molecular debris. This work doesn't stop day or night throughout our lives.

This level is the most thoroughly researched by scientists (fig.5). All modern pharmacology is based on targeting one biochemical reaction or another. In many cases, this is successful. The increase in life expectancy in recent decades has much to do with advances in this field. Modern medicine has many instruments to detect problems at this level, and allopathic medicine is designed to influence chemical processes directly. In many cases, without the involvement of the previous levels, modern treatment does not allow for the removal of the cause of the problem and, hence, can transform the illness into a chronic situation.

Fig.4. Images of the biofield, measured by Bio-Well device.

This level is the most thoroughly researched by scientists (fig.5). All modern pharmacology is based on targeting one biochemical reaction or another. In many cases, this is successful. The increase in life expectancy in recent decades has much to do with advances in this field. Modern medicine has many instruments to detect problems at this level, and allopathic medicine is designed to influence chemical processes directly. In many cases, without the involvement of the previous levels, modern treatment does not allow for the removal of the cause of the problem and, hence, can transform the illness into a chronic situation.

Fig.5. Biochemical processes in respiration

https://www.luscinus.be/2017/09/27/biochemical-inspiration-to-mapping-smart-societies/

Big Pharma is Big Business and the number of resources available to pharmaceutical companies exceeds the budgets of many countries. At the same time, Pharma behaves very aggressively, suppressing all new lines of business that might compete with it. The downside is the inevitability of side effects, often fatal, and the need to develop increasingly potent (and expensive) drugs when available ones no longer work effectively.

Level 4 is a structural level, the combination of organs and systems, bones and muscles (fig.6). Modern medicine has many different instruments to study this level: from X-ray, ultrasound, and tomography to different optical scopes coming into the body via natural holes – mouth, colon, and vagina. All these means allow us to see the anatomical structure of organs and detect possible defects. Then doctors need to decide whether to have surgery or use medications.

Fig.6. Structural level of a human body.

When some of the levels are deregulated, after a while, symptoms appear. This is the last stage of a long-lasting drama, and at this point, people often begin feeling the adverse effects. This is usually the point when people reach out to doctors. But conventional doctors operate only on the last two levels, while now we have more and more patients with the deregulation of the first two levels. Then we need to use the instruments of quantum energy medicine.

As shown in fig.3, integrative medicine methods operate on all levels, but we will mainly discuss methods using the quantum and energy principles. That is why it is essential to understand what is Energy.

## What is Energy

> Everything is energy, and that’s all there is to it. This is not philosophy, and this is physics.

> Albert Einstein

> “Less than one billionth of the universe is matter – the rest is energy.”

> Carlo Rubbia, Nobel laureate for physics, 1984.

Energy is a general quantitative measure of any movement, activity, and interaction of all kinds of matter.

Energy in nature does not come from anything and does not disappear; it can only be transferred from one form to another.

The concept of energy binds together all natural phenomena.

Energy is the capacity to change a physical system.

Energy is a medium for the organization and transformation of information & structure.

Chemical energy is made up of the kinetic energy or the movement of electrons and the electrical energy of the interaction of electrons.

Energy is in everything around us.

What Is Matter?

The matter is energy that has become condensed to hold a pattern.

Einstein showed that this relationship is literally true: E = mc2

Which means that it takes an enormous amount of energy to hold a persistent pattern. On the other hand, you may extract enormous energy from the little mass. The best examples are atomic and nuclear bombs and power stations.

Nuclear Power Stations use the quantum energy of an atom. For many countries, this is the only way to provide enough electricity. Look how many reactors operate in different countries.

• USA 99 reactors

•  France 58 reactors.

•  Russia 36 reactors.

•  China 36 reactors.

•  South Korea 25 reactors

•  Canada 19 reactors.

•   Ukraine 15 reactors.

•  GB 15 reactors.

•  Germany 8 reactors.

• Spain 7 reactors.

## Energy and Entropy

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature and their relation to energy, Entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The term 'entropy' was introduced in 1865 by German physicist Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888), one of the founders of the science of thermodynamics. The behavior of these quantities is governed by the four laws of thermodynamics which convey a quantitative description using measurable macroscopic physical quantities but may be explained in terms of microscopic constituents by statistical mechanics. Thermodynamics applies to various topics in science and engineering, especially physics, chemistry, biochemistry, chemical and mechanical engineering, but also in other complex fields such as meteorology. Entropy predicts that certain processes are irreversible or impossible, aside from the requirement of not violating energy conservation, the latter being expressed in the first law of thermodynamics.  Entropy is central to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that the Entropy of isolated systems left to spontaneous evolution always increases with time. Any spontaneous process increases the disorder in the Universe, increases Entropy.

Entropy is a measure of microscopic configurations in a thermodynamic system.

Entropy is a measure of chaos.

In a closed system, Entropy may only increase.

Fig.7. Entropic principles.

Based on the laws of thermodynamics, British physicist Lord Kelvin (William Thomson, 1824-1907) proposed in 1852 the idea of the heat death of the Universe. This concept was an attempt to answer the question: “What will the universe look like far in the future?” The Universe can feel overwhelming to contemplate. Let’s shrink it into a manageable thought experiment. Imagine that you’ve brewed a hot cup of tea. You set the mug in a large box and seal the box shut. Then, you wrap the box with layers of insulation. In this thought experiment, you’ve just created a closed system: no heat, light, or energy of any kind can enter or leave the box. Eventually, if you checked the box, what would you discover? You’d find that the tea, the mug, and all the air in the box are now the same temperature. The tea has cooled while the air has warmed up. This is called Thermodynamic Equilibrium.

Our Universe is like this box. Things are constantly happening—stars are fusing atoms, planets are spinning, and galaxies are forming. All these actions exchange energy, usually in the form of heat, which dissipates into the cosmos and can’t be used again. In the distant future, all the Universe’s energy will have dissipated or spread out evenly, and the cosmos will reach thermodynamic equilibrium. What does this even distribution of energy look like? Because all the energy will be evenly distributed, nothing more can happen. Over trillions of years, stars will run out of fuel, and orbits will decay, causing planets to fall. Everything will end up in black holes until they probably radiate their energy away. The Universe will become permanently unmoving and unchanging.

This concept was disapproved almost 100 years later by a Belgian scientist Ilya Prigogine (1917-2003). He demonstrated that Nature exists only as open systems which constantly exchange energy and information with the environment. Our Universe is an Open System far from equilibrium, so the notion of heat death does not make sense.

We live in a state of dynamic disequilibrium, like a bicycle runner who needs to move all the time not to fall off. This is totally related to the human organism, an open system connected to Earth, Sun, and the Universe. The decrease of entropy in living systems is provided by free energy, released when nutrients consumed from the outside dissociate, i.e., at the expense of solar energy. Thus, negative entropy flow is essential to compensate for inner destructive processes and the decrease of available free energy dissipated by spontaneous metabolic reactions. This is the critical issue, circulation, and transformation of free energy, which drives the functions of living systems. In terms of entropy, all living organisms tend to order and accumulate energy and, consequently, decrease entropy and increase the complexity of an organization. In contrast, all non-living objects tend to dissipate energy, tend to destroy, and increase entropy. The mountain turns into pebbles and sand.

Prigogine was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1977 for his contributions to nonequilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of "dissipative structures." These are physical or chemical systems in far from equilibrium" conditions that appear to develop "order out of chaos" and look to be "self-organizing." Like biological systems, matter and energy (of low Entropy) flow through the "dissipative" structure. It is primarily the energy and negative Entropy that is "dissipated.” Prigogine is perhaps the most famous name in chaos theory and complexity theory. His work is a major reference today for popular concepts like "self-organizing, "complex systems," "bifurcation points," "non-linearity," "attractors," "symmetry breaking," "morphogenesis," "autocatalytic," "constraint," and of course "irreversibility." Prigogine asserts that Newtonian physics has now been "extended" three times:

• first with the use of the wave function in quantum mechanics,

• then with the introduction of space time in general relativity and

• finally, with the recognition of indeterminism in the study of unstable systems.

## Entropy and Information

Claude Shannon (1916 – 2001) is “the father of Information Theory.” Shannon was one of those annoying people that excelled at everything he touched. He was the first to describe the theory of electrical circuit design in his Master’s thesis at 21. Not being one to let his genius go to waste, he and his buddy Ed Thorpe secretly used wearable computers to beat roulette in Vegas casinos by synchronizing their computers with the spins of the wheel. They also beat the casinos by counting cards at Blackjack. Around 1948, he discovered Information Theory, which leverages his unique-at-the-time understanding that computers could express numbers, words, pictures, and even audio and video as strings of binary digits.

Measured in bits, Shannon Entropy is a measure of the information content of data, where information content refers more to what the data could contain, as opposed to what it does contain. In this context, information content is really about quantifying predictability or, conversely, randomness.

This concept of information is somewhat counter-intuitive. In everyday usage, we equate the word information with meaning. Information has some meaning. Otherwise, it’s not information. In Shannon’s Information Theory, the information relates to the effort or cost to describe some process. On average, Shannon Entropy is the minimum number of bits needed to do so.

To illustrate the Concept of Shannon Entropy, let us look at an example. Say we have some random variable, like a coin toss. Your friend tosses the coin and hides the result from you. You can discern the outcome of any individual coin toss by asking just one binary (yes-no) question: was the outcome a head?

The number of binary questions we need to ask to describe each outcome is one. Consider that ‘the cost of encapsulating information’ is analogous to ‘the number of questions required describing a random process.” From the information, the theory follows that the outcome of a random process cannot be predicted. The conception of Newtonian physics, that we can predict the behavior of a system if we know its initial conditions, has proven to be incorrect.

Our life is a random process. Life is unpredictable! You never know what will come from any actions.

The concept of a bifurcation point was introduced. This is the moment of decision-making when the system must choose one of several possible development paths, and its further fate will depend on it. We encounter such a situation at every turn. Should I buy rice or pasta for lunch? What university should I go to? Would you accept a new job offer? By choosing one of the possible paths, we determine our future.

Fig.8. Bifurcation point – which way to go? (Copy of the painting of Victor Vasnetsov).

## What is Human Energy – Bioenergy?

Life is constantly demanding energy. There are several energy synthesis systems in the body that are used to support one activity or another. What all these systems have in common is that the energy substrate is adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP). There are two fundamentally different mechanisms of ATP synthesis: with the use of oxygen (aerobic pathway) and without the use of oxygen (anaerobic pathway). Schematically it looks like this:

1. creatine phosphate (CP) + adenosine diphosphate (ADP) => creatine + ATP

anaerobic, without lactate formation energy pathway.

2. glucose + ADP => lactate + ATP (glycolysis)

anaerobic, with lactate formation energy way.

3. glucose + oxygen + ADP => water + carbon dioxide + ATP

aerobic without lactate formation energy pathway.

4. fat + oxygen + ADP => water + carbon dioxide + ATP

aerobic, without lactate formation energy pathway.

Each of the presented energy pathways is important for providing one or another kind of activity. In particular, the creatine phosphate system provides the load of maximum intensity and minimum duration, as the phosphate stores are limited and are completely used up within 6-8 seconds. In contrast, the lactate system works during prolonged, high-intensity exercise. Both systems together constitute an anaerobic vector of energy production, which ensures the maintenance of one of the two phases of the oscillatory metabolic process. Its most important feature is energy deficiency (low ATP output) coupled with the formation of significant amounts of lactic acid (lactate). The accumulation of lactic acid (especially in working muscles) causes acidification of tissues and the disruption of their functional state.

The long pathway of glucose breakdown in the mitochondria provides 18 times more energy (ATP) than glycolysis. In addition, with the help of mitochondria, the cell can also obtain energy from other molecules – for example, proteins and fats – that cannot participate in glycolysis. But the cell has to pay the price for highly efficient mitochondrial respiration. To release the carriers in time, the cell uses oxygen: it reacts with protons and electrons to form water molecules. Thus, the cell becomes dependent on the supply of oxygen, and in its absence, quickly dies.

Fig. 9. Energy and human life.

The main reservoir of free energy in biological processes is the electron-excited states of complex molecular systems. When physical or mental work is done, electrons distributed in protein structures are transported within their given place and provide the process of oxidative phosphorylation, i.e., the energy supply for local system functioning. A part of these electron-excited states is expended for the support of current energy resources in the organism. A part can also be reserved for the future, as in lasers after absorption of a pump pulse. Communities of delocalized excited π- electrons within protein macromolecules are the basis of this energy reservoir. The organism forms an electron “energy depot,” at some moments requiring great resources or rapid flowing under conditions of extra-high loads – typical, for example, of professional sport.

The circulation and transformation of energy in biological systems provide the basis for life on Earth. This process – the electron scheme of life – might be represented as the following scheme [Samoylov, 1986, 2001. Korotkov, 2004] (Fig.10). Photons of sunlight are absorbed by the molecules of chlorophyll, concentrated in the membranes of chloroplasts of organelles of green plants. Absorbing the light, electrons of chlorophylls obtain supplementary energy and transform from one excited state to the other, using a well-ordered organization of the albumin-chlorophyll complex called photo-systems (PS). Although the substance next to it has a higher electron potential than the chlorophyll, the photo-system delivers an excited electron into this substance. The excited electron acquires the capability to overcome electrostatic repulsion rather than expending energy in the thermal transformation of the molecules.

Fig.10. Biophysical Mechanisms of Life.

After the loss of its electron, chlorophyll has a free electron vacancy. And it takes away an electron from the surrounding molecules. Substances with electrons having smaller energy compared to the electrons of chlorophyll will serve as donors. Water is a key electron donor. The photosystem oxidizes the water to molecular oxygen, taking away the electron from it. Thus, the atmosphere of the Earth is constantly enriched with oxygen. When a mobile electron is transferred along the chain of structurally interconnected macromolecules, it provides its energy to anabolic and catabolic processes in plants and, under proper conditions, in animals. According to modern notions [Samoylov, 2001; Rubin, 1999], intermolecular transfer of excited electrons proceeds in compliance with the tunnel effect mechanism in strong electrical fields. Electrical potentials create this field at the cellular boundaries.

Chlorophyll serves as a transitional step in a potential pitfall between the donor and the acceptor of electrons. Chlorophyll accepts electrons from the donor with a low energy level. It excites them so they can pass to a substance with a higher electron potential than the donor at the expense of solar energy. Although it is a multi-step process, this is the only light reaction in photosynthesis. Further autotrophic biosynthetic reactions do not need light. They take place in green plants due to the energy contained in the electrons belonging to NADPH and АТP. As a result of the colossal inflow of electrons from carbon dioxide, water, nitrates, sulfates, and other comparatively simple substances, highly complex molecular compounds are created: carbohydrates, albumin, fats, and nucleic acids.

These substances serve as the main nutrients for heterotrophs. In the course of catabolic processes, also provided with electron-transport systems, approximately the same quantity of electrons is released as was captured by organic substances under photosynthesis. The electrons released through catabolism are transferred to molecular oxygen by the respiratory chain of mitochondria (see Fig. 10). Here, the oxidation is associated with phosphorylation – synthesis of ATP by attaching the remainder of phosphoric acid to ATP (i.e., ATP phosphorylation). This provides an energy supply for all the processes of vital activity in animals and human beings.

Being in the cell, biomolecules “live” by exchanging energy and electrical charges and, hence, the information provided by a developed system of delocalized π-electrons. Delocalization means that the collection of π- electrons is distributed in a certain way over the entire structure of a molecular complex. This enables the π-electrons not only to migrate within the limits of their molecule but also to transfer from one molecule to another if the molecules are structurally united into ensembles. J. Weiss discovered the phenomenon of intermolecular transfer in 1942, and R.S. Mulliken developed the quantum-mechanical model of this process in 1952-1964.

The most important mission of π-electrons in biological processes derives from their delocalization and the peculiarities of their energy status. The difference between the main and the excited state energies is much smaller for π-electrons than for σ-electrons (local electrons). It is approximately equal to the photon energy hν. Because this small difference between the ground and the excited state equals the photon energy, these delocalized π-electrons can accumulate sun energy. Thus, the entire energy supply of biological systems is provided by them. Therefore, π-electrons may be named “electrons of life” [Samoylov, 2001]. More than 90% of sun energy reserved by π-electrons in green plants is transferred to the respiratory chain of mitochondria in animals and humans. Electron-excited states are the basis for energy storage in biological systems. Transfer of these states (but not electrons) provides mechanisms for “energy” transfer along biological tissues, which may be associated with the meridian flow.

Electron-excited states in complex molecular systems are the main reservoir of free energy in biological processes. These excited states are continuously supported at the expense of electron circulation in the biosphere. The main "working substance" is water, and the energy source is the Sun. A part of these electron-excited states is expended to support current energy resources in the organism. A part can also be reserved for the future, as it happens in lasers after the absorption of the pump pulse.

The flow of impulse electrical current in non-conducting biological tissues might be provided by intermolecular transfer of excited electrons, using the mechanism of quantum tunnel effects, with the activated jump of electrons between macromolecules in the contact area. Thus, it’s assumed that the formation of specific structural-protein complexes within the skin's mass of the epidermis and dermis provides channels of heightened electron conductivity, which are experimentally measured as electrical conductance at acupuncture points on the surface of the epidermis.

Such channels can be theoretically present within the mass of connective tissue, which can be associated with “energy” meridians. In other words, the notion of “energy” transfer, characteristic of the ideas of Eastern medicine and alien to most people with a European education, might be associated with the transport of electron-excited states through molecular protein complexes. When physical or mental work is done in certain systems of the organism, electrons distributed in protein structures are transported within their given place and provide the process of oxidative phosphorylation, i.e., the energy supply for the functioning of a local system. Thus, the organism forms an electron “energy depot,” supporting the current functioning and being the basis for work, at some moments requiring great resources or rapid flowing under conditions of extra-high loads – typical, for example, of professional sport [Korotkov, 2004].

In biological systems, electron transfer occurs only at the mitochondrial membrane. In all other places, the transfer of electricity works by the difference in sodium and potassium ions concentration and the membrane depolarization process. This is fundamentally different electricity in the body from what we use in technology. In molecular systems, energy is stored due to conformational changes in the protein and fragile bonds of hydrogen and sulfur ions.

Electron-excited states in complex molecular systems are the main reservoir of free energy in biological processes. These excited states are continuously supported at the expense of electron circulation in the biosphere.

The primary "working substance" is water, and the energy source is the Sun.

We “eat” electrons and protons.

Mitochondria – is the primary source of energy of the body.

We have an enormous reserve of energy in the body.

Fig.11. Mitochondria in a cell.

When physical or mental work is done, electrons distributed in protein structures are transported within their given place and provide the process of oxidative phosphorylation (i.e., the energy supply for the local functioning system). In a molecule, atoms are bound together by electromagnetic wave fields, and every atom is a source of this resonance interference field.

The fundamental difference between the living biological molecules in vivo with the same molecules in vitro is the presence of self-organization by implementing processes of intramolecular and intermolecular energy transfers due to the exciton-phonon / soliton mechanism of biopolymer conversion of chemical ATP energy into coherent energy with the subsequent transfer as a soliton through the biopolymer chain.

We can formulate a Law of Structuring Nature: “In all processes of nature there is a transition from simpler to more complex structures self-organizing on their own level of complexity in accordance with the principle of minimizing the energy consumption under the given conditions of the environment.” (Korotkov, 2015).

In other words, the emergence of more and more complex and highly organized systems capable of surviving in changing environmental conditions with a minimum of energy consumption is an inherent property of nature. So, the emergence of life, the increasing complexity of organisms, and the emergence of beings with cognitive functions is a natural process.

Water in living biological systems plays a crucial role, being not just a passive medium in which cells swim, but playing an active role in all life processes. We have already seen this in the work of the mitochondrion, and this is just one of many examples. Water plays a key role in exchanging energy and information with the environment, in particular, by absorbing and transforming light radiation.

There is no life without water, and we are discovering more and more properties of water. G. Ling considered the fact of water binding by biopolymers to be the most important parameter in molecular biochemistry and argued that not taking into account the role of the aquatic environment and the resulting erroneous interpretation of the functions of cell organelles and cell cytoplasm led biology to inevitable collapse. The idea of the “connectedness” of water has been recognized by many biologists. E. Bauer wrote about the liquid medium of the cell as a colloidal aqueous solution and called biomolecules with an ordered distribution of water molecules in the boundary layer “living matter” in his book “Theoretical Biology”. N. Nasonov, A. S. Troshin, A. Szent-Gyorgyi, G. Ling, E. Gudichi and V. Voeikov proposed various models of water “binding” near the surface of biomolecules. J. Pollack proposed the idea of cytoplasm in the form of bound water and described it as a gel, in which the boundness is determined by physical adsorption on the surface of biopolymers, and all protein conformations occur due to changes in the physicochemical properties of this gel. G. Ling proposed a mechanism for binding water through the electrical properties of its dipoles, etc. (Giudice, 2010. Ling, 1992). Many modern ideas are outlined in the book "The Emerging Science of Water" (Voeikov, 2017).

There are also more radical concepts. For example, in the work (Nevoit, 2022) authors develop an idea that water participates in the transmission and perception of coherent soliton energy by self-organization into fractal paramagnetic crystal structures, which form multilevel branched long-existing fractal complexes connected to biopolymers supported by flows of coherent energy/solitons. The phenomenon of biological life at the micro level is characterized by the presence of a state of water binding/organization into energy-intensive crystalline structures due to the constant supply of coherent energy from biopolymers and stops when this energy flow disappears, which corresponds to the onset of the phenomenon of biological death and is manifested by the degradation of energy-intensive fractal crystalline self-organization of water to an unbound water state. Solution devoid of so-called biological anomalies.

From all these ideas we can make the main and important solution:

Consequently, we are all children of the Sun, living on the world's light, air and water, and we emit light!

A weak glow accompanies all chemical reactions involving free radicals. Own light of cells and tissues is mainly caused by reactions of lipid peroxidation and reactions accompanying the interaction of nitrogen oxide and superoxide radical (O3-).

In the next parts, we will make an overview of different techniques and methods of Integrative Medicine. This is not a catalog of products, but a discussion of methods that have demonstrated their effectiveness, have an evidence base of published research and are most commonly used in practice. Therefore, we mostly do not cite the names of companies and brands of devices, these data can be easily found on the Internet, and they often require different levels of certification depending on the country of application.

## Part 2. Methods of Health Analysis in Quantum Medicine

More and more devices based on quantum principles are used in medical diagnostics. Since the beginning of the 20th century, X-ray machines have been widely used, revolutionizing medicine by providing the first glimpse into the depths of the human body. In the middle of the century, methods of endoscopic diagnostics became widespread: colonoscopy, and gastroscopy, allowing a visual inspection of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with the help of an optical endoscope introduced into the stomach through the mouth and esophagus. Later, endoscopy began to be widely used in minimally invasive surgeries.

Finally, in the late 20th century, computerized tomography (CT) was invented — a non-destructive layer-by-layer examination of the internal structure of any object, including the human body. The method was developed in 1972 by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack, who were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1979. Initially, the method was based on the measurement and complex computer processing of the difference in attenuation of X-rays by different tissue densities. During the computed tomography procedure, the radiation dose is greater than for X-rays. A beam of X-rays scans the body layer by layer and is absorbed unequally by tissues with different densities. The machine takes pictures of cross-sections of the human body, and the computer software converts the data into three-dimensional images in which the doctor can see the features of organs and parts of the body.

Almost at the same time, the Mexican chemist Paul Lauterbur described a method of imaging based on magnetic resonance. Then British scientist Peter Mandsfield improved the mathematical algorithm for imaging. For developing the technique of magnetic resonance imaging in medicine, Mandsfield and Lauterbur received the Nobel Prize in 2003.

Magnetic resonance imaging is based on the properties of a high-power magnetic field (nuclear magnetic resonance), which causes the hydrogen atoms inside the human body to change their position. The apparatus emits electromagnetic pulses, and the body's response is recorded by the devices and converted into three-dimensional pictures.

Positron emission tomography, or two-photon positron tomography, is a nuclear medicine technique based on recording gamma rays from the collision of two particles. The patient takes a radioactive drug with a short decay period. In the human body, the substance decays, releasing positrons. They collide with the electrons of atoms, resulting in two photons moving along the same axis in opposite directions. The photons are captured and recorded by tomography sensors, and the software allows these data to be converted into images. Tissues of the body where pathological processes are observed (e.g., malignant tumor growth) accumulate radionuclides more actively than healthy ones. There is more intensive decay of particles into positrons with their subsequent transformation into photons. That's why these areas are brightly colored on PET images.

Tomographic methods are widely used in medicine; they provide unique data on the structure of tissues and organs, including neoplasms. Patients should be referred for examination using these methods if any suspicions arise.

At the same time, there is an increasing number of relatively inexpensive, easy-to-use devices based on quantum principles that can be used in small integrative medicine centers. Our review is not intended to be comprehensive, and many conclusions are based on the author's experience and do not claim to be definitive.

## Heart Rate Variability Analysis

One of the most powerful techniques in Integrative Medicine is Heart Rate Variability Analysis (HRV). It is based on measuring intervals between heart cycles from Electrocardiogram (ECG) or, in simple instruments, from a pulse.

The structure of the heart rate as a diagnostic criterion was first applied in the USSR in the 1960s. Originally, V.V. Parin and R.М. Baevsky proposed HRV as a method for the evaluation of autonomic regulation and states of the human organism in space flights [Baevsky, 2017]. In the condition of microgravity, animals exhibited profound variations of cardiac contractions, depth, and frequency of respiration. The considerable variability of the length of RR segments on the electrocardiogram was observed in Yu. A. Gagarin during his orbital flight. All these changes can be viewed as disorders in the feedback within the system of autonomic regulation where the brain is commander.

In the late 1960s, I.G. Nidekker and R.М. Baevsky proposed heart rate spectral analysis as a tool for evaluating periodic components of heart rate. Advances in space medicine in HRV analysis stimulated further development of the method. Since the 1970s, the number of HRV studies has increased sharply in Western Europe and the US. In 1996, the Taskforce of the European Society of Cardiology and American Society of Stimulation and Electrophysiology prepared and published guidelines: "Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use.”

In the past few years, these basic documents have been supplemented by more recent experimental and clinical findings and methodical approaches. The explosive development of micro-electronics, and hard- and software made it possible to design innovative, more refined HRV devices and techniques. At present, thousands of papers on the subjects are published annually. HRV has gained footing in cardiology, surgery, physiology of labor and sport, and experimental physiology. Particularly often HRV is used in the stratification of the risks of cardiac and arrhythmic deaths as a consequence of myocardium infarction (MI) and diagnostics of autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients. It was established that HRV reduction indicates the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

HRV is based on the theory that variability of RR duration or sinus rhythm frequency is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and catecholamines circulating in the blood. Own or inherent frequency of the sinus node varies between 95 and 110 beats per minute and is age-dependent. Sympathetic influences increase pulsation rate, while parasympathetic, on the contrary, decrease. In the norm, the resting heart rate is within the range of 60-70 beats/min which implies an obvious domination of parasympathetic influences on the sinus node. Rhythmic variations of the rate of pulses conducted via the vagus nerve are modulated by respiration rate and depth, which leads to RR changes known as sinus arrhythmia. RR duration can also be affected by mental or physical activities and posture, which reduce the average rate of pulses conducted via the vagus and, as stress grows, intensify the sympathetic nervous activity. The rhythm of cardiac contractions is a sensitive indicator of changes in nervous and humoral regulation.

Fig.12. HRV principles.

One of the first things to know when understanding heart rate is that the most informative metric relies not just on the heart rate, but on how much the heart rate varies. What’s often at first glance counter-intuitive about this metric is that a higher heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with good health – the more your heart jumps around (to an extent, of course), the readier you are for action. On the other hand, a low HRV is associated with ill health – it is a significant predictor of mortality from several diseases.

HRV analysis provides a substantial amount of information about the cardiovascular system and enables the quantification of cardiac regulatory influences on the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS consists of two main components: the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system. The relative influence of these two components on the sino-atrial node of the heart determines the heart rate. A number of physiological factors, including blood pressure and respiratory rate, can have a profound effect on this autonomic "balance." HRV analysis, therefore, provides a noninvasive method for investigating the dynamic influence of changing physiological parameters on cardiac regulation (Levis, 2005. Omerbegovic, 2009. Shaffer, 2017). HRV analysis uses many metrics and analysis techniques, including Time Domain, Frequency Domain, and Non-Linear Analysis

HRV reflects your mind as well as your body’s ability to self-regulate and respond to changes in your internal and external environment. HRV is strongly related to overall physical and mental health, physical and cognitive performance, resilience, and the ability to respond to stress in healthy ways (Wisneski, 2017. Korotkov, 2020, 2022). HRV is actively used in classical and integrative medicine, psychology, and science. Modern HRV systems have sophisticated software which helps to analyze and interpret data.

The most accurate way to measure HRV is in a doctor’s office using an ECG. However, several companies offer wearable heart rate monitors that allow users to monitor their heart rate metrics for 5-10 minutes or 24/7. A wearable technology option is a traditional heart rate chest strap with a transmitter that’s linked to a receiver wrist device or mobile phone. You may also use a smart watch or fitness tracker that detects your heart rate via optical sensors, though these may not be sensitive enough.

## Photon analysis in medicine

The modern use of light in medicine began in the nineteenth century, with rapid improvements in the understanding of both the physical nature of light and fundamental light–matter interactions. A notable example of an early triumph in phototherapy is the ultraviolet (UV)-induced treatment of lupus vulgaris invented by physician Niels Finsen. In 1903 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for this application. Since 1960, the development of lasers has opened up new medical avenues. Today, numerous laser-based therapeutic and diagnostic devices are routinely used in the clinic.

Within the tissue, photons interact with biological matter via various processes, which can be broadly categorized into scattering and absorption. Scattering can alter the propagation path, polarization, and spectrum of incident light. The states of the scattered light can be analyzed and mapped for diagnosis and imaging. In light absorption, the energy of photons is converted to electronic or vibrational energy in the absorbing molecule. Some of that energy can be re-emitted through luminescence (for example, fluorescence), inelastic scattering, or acoustomechanical waves. Such emission from the tissue carries information about its microstructure and molecular contents and serves as the basis for optical diagnostics and imaging. On the other hand, photoexcitation of intrinsic molecules or exogenous light-sensitive agents introduced in the body can affect the tissues and cells within in various ways, via the generation of heat (photothermal), chemical reactions (photochemical), and biological processes (photobiological or optogenetic). Optical therapy and laser surgery use these effects in a controlled manner.

X-rays and gamma rays have transformed modern medicine by enabling computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET), as well as radiation therapy. Optical technologies are used along the entire spectrum of diagnostic medicine, from point-of-care and laboratory testing to screening and diagnostic imaging, to treatment monitoring, to intraoperative imaging. Optical imaging enables real-time visualization of tissues and cells at high spatial resolutions with instrumentation that is relatively inexpensive and portable, especially compared with MRI and CT. In the operating room, surgical techniques that rely on optical guidance, such as laparoscopic surgery, have reduced the risk of hemorrhage and shortened patient recovery time. Intraoperative optical imaging provides tissue contrast beyond what can be perceived by the human eye, resulting in improved surgical outcomes.

Beyond its universal use in emergency medicine, pulse oximetry has also become an effective screening tool for congenital heart defects in newborns. NIR spectroscopy, relying on hemoglobin absorption, is an emerging tool for the non-invasive monitoring of brain function. Spectroscopic techniques sensitive to changes in cellular chromophore concentrations are also being developed for cancer screening, such as for the diagnosis of oral cancer. Dynamic light scattering techniques are increasingly adopted in the clinic for rapid, real-time assessment of microvascular function, such as for burn wounds or atherosclerosis. Ubiquitous optical devices such as smart phone cameras may be modified to add diagnostic functionalities such as calorimetric detection, multiplexed detection, video microscopy, and high-resolution spectroscopy.

With the continued development of optical technologies — such as fiber optics, optoelectronics, and optical microelectromechanical systems—various optical-imaging platforms may be miniaturized for widespread use in point-of-care settings. Owing to its non-invasiveness, high resolution, and rich contrast mechanisms, optical imaging is an established and rapidly growing modality for screening and diagnosis. It is used in endoscopy, ophthalmic imaging, optical coherence and diffuse optical tomography, fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging, and other developing areas, such as light-activated nanomedicine (Yun, 2017).

A significant portion of the more than US$200-billion-per-year global medical device market is for devices that are implanted in the human body, in particular, implantable optoelectronic devices. Prosthetic retinas promise to restore vision in patients blinded by the degeneration of retinal photoreceptor cells, and their development is being fuelled by advances in optoelectronic technologies. Novel device concepts and designs include implantable LEDs, miniaturized wireless optoelectronic devices for optogenetic applications, and optofluidic-controlled drug delivery. Remotely powered, wireless LED implants offer the potential to enable light-activated therapies in the body. Besides battery or wireless powering, these devices may be self-powered by harnessing kinetic energy from muscular movements. (Fig. 13. Yun, 2017). Let us discuss photon diagnostic technologies which are used in the Integrative medicine.

Fig.13. Representative applications of light in the human body for diagnosis and imaging, surgery, and therapy (Yun, 2017).

## Electrophotonic Imaging Technique

The method of bio-electrography has a long history. In 1777, the German physicist and philosopher George Lichtenberg reported that when any object was placed in a strong electrical field, a glow could be seen around it. Lichtenberg could print images on a plate covered with coal dust that physicists called “Lichtenberg’ figures.” Interest in photographing electrical fluorescence increased worldwide due to the influence of Nicola Tesla, who demonstrated in 1880 that applying a high-frequency electrical circuit to the body caused a bright fluorescence to surround it.

The term “electrography” was coined by the Czech physicist B. Navratil in 1888 to describe photographic images of such energy emanations. A significant advance was made by the talented Byelorussian scientist Jacob Narkevich-Yodko. On the other side of the globe, very similar experiments were conducted by Landell de Morua, a Brazilian monk. In 1939, the Russian electrical engineer Semyon Kirlian along with his wife Valentina, developed their technique by recording the light coming from different subjects on a photo film [Kirlian, 1961]. Due to their activity, it became known as “Kirlian photography.” Despite hundreds of papers published on different applications of “Kirlian photography” [Moss, 1972. Konikiewicz, 1984. Mandel, 1986] the method was not accepted in medicine due to low reproducibility and lack of quantitating data.

In 1995, a team in Russia led by Dr. Konstantin Korotkov developed a technology named Gas Discharge Visualisation (GDV). The GDV device is a state-of-the-art computerized system that has superseded traditional Kirlian photography for several reasons. It allows direct, real-time viewing and analysis of changes in human energy fields since sophisticated software quantifies and analyzes the data. Because the results are obtained so rapidly, it has become a rapid method for diagnosis and detecting abnormalities requiring more detailed investigation. Most importantly, since this technology and the protocols used are standardized, GDV results obtained by different investigators can be compared with reliability. The results are interpreted based on the energy connections of fingers with various organs and systems as determined empirically based on thousands of readings which may correlate with techniques such as Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda.

The GDV device (current name is Electrophotonic Imaging or EPI device) is based on the stimulation of photon and electron emissions from an object when placed in an electromagnetic field and subjected to brief electrical pulses. This process is called ‘photo-electron emission’ and has been thoroughly studied with cutting-edge electronic techniques. The emitted particles accelerate in the electromagnetic field, generating electronic avalanches on the surface of the dielectric (glass) plate in a process called ‘sliding gas discharge.’ The discharge causes a glow from the excitement of molecules in the surrounding gas, which is constantly measured. Voltage pulses stimulate optoelectronic emissions that are amplified in the gas discharge. The light produced by this process is recorded by a sensitive CCD (charge-coupled device) camera that converts it into a colored computer image, or “Bio-image.” Data obtained from the fingers of both hands are converted into a Human Energy Field image and various graphs using sophisticated proprietary software.

The parameters of the image generated from photographing the finger surface under electrical stimulation create a neurovascular reaction of the skin, influenced by the real-time physiologic status of all organs and systems. Due to this, the images captured on the EPI/GDV register an ever-changing range of states (Korotkov, 2009). In addition, most healthy people’s EPI/GDV readings vary only 8-10% over many years of measurements, indicating a high level of precision with this technique. A specialized software complex registers these readings as parameters that elucidate the person’s state of well-being at that time (Polushin, 2009). The latest device, termed “Bio-Well” (www.Bio-Well.com), allows users to capture images, and then securely transmit the data to a cloud server where proprietary software analyzes the images, calculates a set of parameters, and returns the processed data to the software as detailed graphs and images. The primary advantages of this approach include data security and portability, the efficiency of time (data analysis transmissions typically take seconds to complete),

Figure 14 shows a typical electrophotonic image produced by a human finger. The computer-generated image (right) is a set of pixels, each presented with a specific level of luminosity based on the original EPI capture. The central oval shape of the image represents the fingerprint. Typically, luminosity monotonically decreases along any radial direction.

Fig. 14. Typical electrophotonic image around the human finger before and after image processing.

Fig.15. Bio-Well device.

Bio-Well produces several interrelated outcomes: (1) Overall energy measured in Joules, (2) Stress level and balance between physiological & psycho-emotional states, (3) Relative position and parameters of Chakras, (4) Energy distribution along the acupuncture meridians, (5) Health Status, and (6) Energy Reserve. The Health Status radial diagram reflects the current health state of the various subsystems of the subject, as compared to a large number of apparently healthy subjects in the database, while the Energy Reserve radial diagram reflects the potential for future health problems if not corrected. Electrophotonic Imaging is not considered a medical technology. Instead, it is the evaluation of wellness and vitality through the analysis of human energy.

This technology has major implications for all health-related fields. A comprehensive review of these varied electrophotonic applications can be found in books by Dr. Korotkov (2012, 2017) and many papers on www.iumab.club. Research with the Bio-Well device is currently in process at universities and research institutes worldwide in medicine, "energy medicine," athletic training, biophysics, parapsychology, and other disciplines (Augner, 2010). Another device, the Environmental Energy Sensor, formally referred to as “Sputnik” (Korotkov, 2017), has been developed for environmental studies and remote detection of human emotions. Bio-Well has been used in numerous significant research projects, which have confirmed its usefulness, reliability, and value. Electrophotonic technology provides a convenient and user-friendly method to assess patients with various issues. It can also be utilized to evaluate responses to drugs, meditation, stress reduction therapy, and other interventions.

## Analysis of infrared radiation of a human body

Thermal images, or thermograms, are visual displays of the amount of infrared energy emitted, transmitted, and reflected by an object in the region from approximately 700 nm to 300 μm. Because there are multiple sources of infrared energy, it is difficult to get an accurate temperature of an object using this method. A thermal imaging camera can perform algorithms to interpret that data and build an image. Although the image shows the viewer an approximation of the temperature at which the object operates, the camera uses multiple data sources based on the areas surrounding the object to determine that value rather than detecting the actual temperature. The thermal imaging camera would next employ a series of mathematical algorithms. Infrared radiation is impossible to see with the human eye. The thermography camera transforms it into a visual image, usually with different colors depending on a subject's temperature.

Modern thermography devices use sophisticated software to analyze the image. Monochromatic IR images are displayed in pseudo-color, where color changes are used rather than intensity changes to reveal signal changes. This technique, called density slicing, is useful because it allows us to see nuanced intensity differences in bright areas.

Medical thermology uses infrared (IR) imaging to assess skin temperature as an extension of the clinician's physical exam to aid in forming a medical diagnosis. Thermography is a physiologic study and has many health-related indications. Examples of neuro-musculoskeletal indications for medical thermology include Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD), Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), Dysautonomia, Migraine, Fibromyalgia (and other weather-sensitive pain syndromes), thoracic outlet syndrome, and vaso-motor migraine/headaches such as Barre-Lieou syndrome. The American Academy of Thermology (www.aathermology.org) has published internationally peer-reviewed guidelines for neuro-musculoskeletal (MSK), breast, veterinary, and oral-systemic diseases (Fig.16).

Fig.16. Thermography images.

Dynamic angiothermography (DATG) is based on a completely different principle. DATG records the temperature variations linked to the vascular changes in the breast due to angiogenesis. The current state of the equipment consists of two parts and can be combined into a highly mobile footprint. The first component is the thermographic sensor to be placed on the breast. The second is a connection to a computer that records the acquired images. The sensor records the distribution of blood at temperatures between 30 °C and 35 °C. When the sensor is leaning on the breast, the heat produced by vascularization induces an image due to the change of the liquid crystal state that passes from solid to liquid.

While in thermography, the doctor studies the temperature distribution on the skin. In dynamic angiothermography, the image is inspected for the information conveyed about the local blood distribution. In a healthy breast, the pattern formed by normal vascularization looks like a pointed image in the direction of the nipple. In the case of a tumor or a lesion, signs appear to have rounded shapes or converge from different areas of the breast to 'feed' cancer. The doctor can interpret the images visually or evaluate them using digital image processing tools. The angiothermography is not a test that substitutes for other tests but stands with them as a technique that gives additional information to clarify the clinical picture and improve the quality of diagnosis.

A group of Russian scientists developed an interesting approach in the "Adaptolog-Infra" device: http://adaptolog.com/en/. The method is based on the organism's response to different stimuli as first described in the works of L.H. Garkavi, E.B. Kvakina, and M.A. Ukolova (1990, 2003, 2006). They showed the phase character of changes in blood composition, which they described by qualitative indices, designating the latter as reactions of training, activation, overactivation, and stress reactions. They demonstrated that these reactions occurred in different body systems. It was found that the body's reaction may be evaluated by the response to the ambient temperature.

Skin temperature should be measured from the central to peripheral parts of the body. Temperature change is associated with homeostatic regulation of the body, with the predominant role of the autonomic nervous system. The temperature gradient from the central to peripheral parts of the body is different in healthy and sick people, and this mechanism is nonspecific and little influenced by the individual characteristics of the organism.

Examination zones chosen are conditioned, first, by the necessity to obtain information about the reaction to the external temperature of blood vessels of different diameters: capillaries, small vessels, medium-diameter vessels, and relatively large vessels. Second, they are conditioned by the convenience of their location: ulnar bend, wrist, a middle phalanx of the middle finger, etc. An infrared thermometer with an accuracy of ±0.2 0C and recording ten readings are used to measure the skin temperature. All the information is entered into the database, and the computer program allows determining the adaptation level and reaction coefficient, to evaluate quantitatively the general state and stability of the organism, protective and compensatory mechanisms, and energy resources, to determine the stage of the possible disease, and recommend the available tactics of patient treatment.

The OligoScan technology (https://www.oligoscan.net/) allows you to quickly and precisely analyze the trace elements and heavy metals in the tissues of your patients. The OligoScan technology utilizes spectrophotometry to obtain results on the number of trace elements and heavy metals within a tissue explicitly calibrated for a specific body area. This is a quantitative analytical methodology, which consists in measuring the absorbance level or the optical density of a particular chemical or mineral substance. The basic principle is that every type of compound—whether chemical or mineral based—absorbs, emits, or reflects light (electromagnetic radiation) over a specific range of wavelengths. The more the sample is concentrated, the more it absorbs the light within the limits of proportionality expressed in Beer-Lambert's law. The measurement is made directly in your office with a portable spectrophotometer device approved by OligoScan. The collected data from the patient is sent to the Oligoscan server. And within 20 seconds, you get the results back.

Fig.17. OligoScan

## Analysis of the body Impedance

Impedance is a complex resistance of any conductive subject. It’s the basis of many technical measurements, and as our body is conductive (fig.16), it was successfully applied to human analysis. A weak electric current flows through the body, and the voltage is measured to calculate the impedance of the body. Most body water is stored in muscles. Therefore, if a person is more muscular, there is a high chance that the person will also have more body water, which leads to lower impedance. The method has become popular owing to its ease of use and portability of the equipment. It is familiar in the consumer market as a simple instrument for estimating fat-free body mass and, by difference with body weight body fat. The method's accuracy is not very high, it depends on many factors, but it gives a pretty good indication of the body composition.

Fig.18. Electrical parameters of different parts of the human body and current from the 110V outlet.

Much more accurate and informative is Electrical impedance tomography (EIT). It analyzes the electrical conductivity, permittivity, and impedance of a body part inferred from surface electrode measurements and is used to form a tomographic image of that part. Electrical conductivity varies considerably among various biological tissues depending on the movement of fluids and gases within tissues. Most EIT systems apply small alternating currents at a single frequency. However, some EIT systems use multiple frequencies to better differentiate between normal and suspected abnormal tissue within the same organ. This process will then be repeated for numerous different electrode configurations to finally result in a two-dimensional tomogram according to the image reconstruction algorithms incorporated. EIT is particularly useful for monitoring lung function because lung tissue resistivity is five times higher than most other soft tissues in the thorax. This results in high absolute contrast of the lungs. In addition, lung resistivity increases and decreases several-fold between inspiration and expiration, which explains why monitoring ventilation is currently the most promising clinical application of EIT. There are claims that EIT may differentiate between normal, pre-cancerous, and cancerous tissues (neoplasias). There are several devices on the market that utilize EIT. A good example is ZedScan (https://zilico.co.uk/)

Fig.19. ZedScan.

## Bioresonance Devices

Devices, known collectively as Bioresonance, are widely used in integrative medical practice. It is claimed that the technology is based on measuring the various frequencies of the body's systems and organs, and the therapeutic effects are based on the influence of these frequencies. In reality, it is quite the opposite. A bioresonance device affects the body with a weak electric current of different frequencies and measures the frequency impedance. We will talk more about this in the relevant section.

As you can see, this is very similar to the impedance-measuring methods discussed above. From the data obtained, the program makes conclusions about the condition of specific organs, the presence of heavy metals in the body, and in some devices, even about the function of the brain. Firms in different countries produce bioresonance devices, and the programs differ significantly in terms of convenience, complexity, and the conclusions formed. Yet, at the same time, I have not been able to find on the Internet evidence-based clinical studies performed in a professional institution on a verified patient base, that confirms the diagnostic value of the findings. My own experience with bioresonance diagnostics at various centers turned out to be quite negative — most of the conclusions had nothing to do with the condition of my body, which I know pretty well from various tests. (I prefer to test everything new on myself and compare it to generally accepted analysis methods). I don't want to make unambiguous conclusions. Perhaps I didn't come across some clinical studies, or specialists had insufficient qualifications. Still, I urge you to be careful and not believe the claims of hardware manufacturers without sufficient evidence. We will discuss Bioresonance Therapy later.

## Electroacupuncture

Acupuncture points and meridians are the basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Derailed maps of acupuncture points are known from ancient times, and Chinese doctors use needles, moksha, and acupressure to solve health issues. This approach became very popular in Western countries, and in every big city, you may find traditional Chinese medicine doctors. With the increasing acceptance of acupuncture as an effective modality for pain relief, the scope of research on this modality has widened considerably to include other healthcare conditions. The intensive research on other therapeutic effects of acupuncture has produced encouraging results. These results point to a reduction in pain, improvement in motor function, better balance, and improved gait; the results, therefore, have a neurophysiological interpretation.

The word ‘Electro-Acupuncture’ was first coined by the French acupuncturist Dr. Roger de la Fuye in Paris. He combined an electric device (Diathermopuncteur) with the inserted needle to apply on certain skin points — the so-called acupuncture points — as an additional therapeutic stimulus, a diathermia-current lasting 1/8 to 2 seconds via the inserted needle. In 1953, German doctor Voll and engineer Werner designed a needleless electroacupuncture instrument to locate acupoints. After studying the device for more than two years, Voll discovered additional acupoints and how they relate to different internal organs. He named this process “medicine testing.” There are several hypotheses concerning what constitutes an acupoint (AP) and several theories proposing possible mechanisms of how acupuncture works. It is proven by much research that acupuncture channels and points possess electrical characteristics distinguishable from surrounding tissue.

According to Voll (EAV), Electroacupuncture is a method of measuring the electrical impedance of acupoints. An EAV device consists of a 12-microampere meter calibrated from 0 to 100. Then, when using the probe to apply steady pressure to an acupoint, if the reading of the meter goes to 50 (on a 0-100 scale of the device meter) and stays stable at that position, it indicates that the organ or system associated with that particular acupoint is energetically healthy. If the meter reading goes above 65 and stays stable at that position, it indicates that the organ or system associated with that particular point is energetically “irritated.” However, suppose the initially-taken reading, whatever it might be, decreases and settles at a lower scale value. In that case, this is known as an indicator drop (ID), which suggests that the organ or system associated with that particular acupoint is energetically unhealthy. IDs occur because the measured organs or systems cannot generate a bioelectric reaction to the initial electric measurement current transmitted by the probe to the acupoint (Voll, 1980).

The electrodermal testing method, Electroacupuncture, according to Voll, can be a valuable tool in clinical practice because of its safety, noninvasive nature, cost-effectiveness, and clinical diagnostic value. As a systems approach, EAV is a simple method with holistic capabilities that can help practitioners identify and treat complex diseases involving several cofactors, including environmental toxins, viruses, bacteria, food sensitivities, and more (Oliveira, 2020).

A variation of the electropuncture method is Auriculotherapy — needleless stimulation of the external ear for alleviating pain and dysfunction in other parts of the body. The external part of the ear is considered a “Microsystem” of the body. The ear is a complete Microsystem of the human body. All parts of the body are represented in an inverted pattern on the ear. There are other Microsystems in the body but the ear has been shown through research to be the most effective Microsystem. This is due to the type of tissue that makes up the ear and due to its direct connection to the nervous system. Auriculotherapy works by stimulating the central nervous system through the cranial nerves and spinal nerves on the auricle (external ear). This stimulation results in neurotransmitters being stimulated within the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system. This stimulation of neurotransmitters modulates the pain and modulates nerve function beginning the healing process within the body.

Fig.20. The principle of Auriculotherapy.

## Part 3. Primary Methods of Treatment in Quantum Medicine

## Traditional Methods

## The modern patient is a polymorbid patient

Parcernjak S.A., M.D., PhD., Professor

The Head of St. Petersburg Vvedensky City Clinical Hospital, President of the Interregional Association of Integrative Medicine,Professor of Northwestern State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov

Lebedeva I.A., M.D., PhD., Assistant Professor

Northwestern State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov

Parcernjak A.S., M.D., PhD., Assistant Professor

Saint Petersburg Medical and Social Institute

The problem of concomitant diseases is one of the central problems in the contemporary internal medicine clinic. Polymorbid or comorbid pathology is typical for modern chronic diseases. Sometimes four conditions of morbidity are detected simultaneously in elderly patients. Such polymorbidity significantly complicates diagnostic and therapeutic processes since the final pharmacological effect becomes unpredictable when a doctor prescribes five or more drugs.

Conventionally, all comorbidities can be classified as either independently polymorbid or comorbid. Independent polymorbidity is a clinical situation in which the patient has several unrelated conditions. The presence of independent polymorbidity may complicate therapy since medications prescribed for each disease are not highly selective and, therefore, may affect the course of other diseases. Comorbidity is much more common - interrelated comorbidities. Although there are cases of conditionally positive comorbidity when the accession of a new suffering reduces manifestations of the original disease, negative comorbidity is more common, the main variants of which are:

1. Mono- and polygenic comorbidity as a manifestation of a single genetic, metabolic defect. Examples include Wilson-Conovalov disease or cystic fibrosis with bronchopulmonary and gastrointestinal manifestations. Here we are talking about multisystem manifestations of a single hereditary deficiency.

2. Etiologic comorbidity. An example of such comorbidity is the situation of chronic viral hepatitis B with viral replication in the pancreas and the development of chronic pancreatitis.

3. Pathogenetic comorbidity. This type of comorbidity is currently receiving particular attention. One of the variants of pathogenetic comorbidity is the so-called "metabolic syndrome." The pathogenetic commonality of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and cardiac insufficiency is typical for this type. As a result of research into the pathogenetic essence of several of the most common cardiovascular diseases, the concept of the "cardiac continuum" has been put forward. Wildly discussed are the diabetes mellitus continuum, the continuum (or pyramid) of gastroesophageal reflux disease, endoscopically negative reflux disease - Barrett's esophagus - esophageal cancer, and the continuum of НР-associated diseases of the stomach.

4. Syndromal comorbidity is characterized by common clinical manifestations of several diseases in a patient. For example, esophagospasm and angina pectoris coexist, and their clinical manifestations may be similar, significantly complicating differential diagnosis and therapy.

This classification is not exhaustive but summarizes clinical situations the practitioner faces in his work.

Considering the wide spread of pathogenic comorbidity, it is necessary to work out tactics of rational medicinal therapy. Optimization of drug therapy is the transition from drugs that relieve symptoms of a single disease to medicines that focus on the common links in the pathogenesis of comorbidities.

Among all diseases, the first place in frequency and importance is occupied by heart and vascular diseases, then by neoplasms, musculoskeletal system lesions, nervous system diseases, respiratory and digestive diseases. There is a characteristic combination of ischemic heart disease and hypertension, ischemic heart disease and chronic bronchitis, chronic bronchitis and hypertension, chronic lung diseases, peptic ulcer, etc.

In the mid-XIX century, the outstanding Russian physician S.P. Botkin noted that gastric ulcer was rare in Saint Petersburg. Among civilians, gastric ulcer was also occasional. Nowadays, up to 10% of the adult population has peptic ulcer disease. Often peptic ulcer disease is combined with lesions of other organs: heart, lungs, and liver. The defeat of combinations of the heart, lungs, and liver often decides the patient's fate. Consequently, the variety of conditions is a feature of our century.

Based on our observations, we can conclude that the combination of diseases is a feature of the century!

The reason for this situation is not only life expectancy increasing. Age, of course, plays a certain role. The zone comorbidity growth for the age group of 50-60 years old. Among our 115 patients with heart and lung diseases, 24 patients, i.e., 1/5 of them, were aged from 41 to 50 years. About 1/3 of patients aged 30 to 50 had heart and liver damage. In addition to age, many other causes play a role, which leads to the deterioration of various organs and systems of the body. A modern person experiences many kinds of stresses and influences. These include socio-psychological, technogenic, climate-geographical, genetic, immunological, radiation, and other types of stress and affection.

The nature of the adaptation to these influences is different for each person. Illness is also the type of organism adaptation to the conditions of existence. Most likely, the complex of factors leads to the damage of life-supporting systems, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, nervous, and endocrine systems.

The clinical course of combined lesions has its peculiarities. According to our data, coronary heart disease was characterized by rhythm disturbances, increasing circulatory insufficiency, and manifestation by atypical variants of myocardial infarction - asthmatic and arrhythmic. The course of chronic bronchitis was complicated by bronchospastic syndrome, the development of pulmonary emphysema and the development of chronic pulmonary heart, progression of functional disorders of the cardiovascular system and respiratory organs. A combination of ischemic heart disease and chronic hepatitis was characterized by a more pronounced degree of liver failure, difficulty diagnosing ischemic heart disease, and the development of early circulatory failure. Combined lesions of the cardiovascular system, respiratory organs, and hepatobiliary system lead to earlier and more stable loss of ability to work due to the reduction of reserves of functional possibilities of compensatory mechanisms.

## Osteopathic Correction

Mohov D.A., M.D., PhD, Professor

The Head of Osteopathy Chair of Northwestern State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov

Somatic dysfunctions (SD) can have a complex pathogenesis with the formation of vicious circles. The task of the osteopath is to break these vicious circles of pathogenesis to restore function.

The conditions that the osteopath considers as SD may have their names in official medicine, such as "dorsopathy," "cervicalgia," "irritable bowel syndrome," "venous insufficiency of the lower extremities," and other terms that denote functional disorders. The fundamental point is that osteopaths can cure such patients by correcting the found SDs due to the reversibility of the changes in the body.

If SD has been present for a long time or is severe, it can lead to structural changes in tissues and organs and irreversible abnormalities. If the changes in the body have become so pronounced that the structural disorders have become irreversible, it can no longer be considered an SD Still, osteopathic treatment, in this case, will help eliminate other SD and improve the body's condition. When the process has become irreversible, the osteopath works not with the lesion (scar, cyst, bone marrow, etc.) but with the surrounding tissues and accompanying SDs, improving mobility, blood supply, and nerve regulation of the region.

For example, in cases of stroke, an osteopath can increase the mobility of the skull bones and improve blood supply to the brain, increase mobility in the joints of paretic limbs, and reduce pain. Thus, by eliminating SD, the osteopath contributes to the patient's rehabilitation after the stroke without directly affecting the lesion. Similar examples can be given for myocardial infarction, joint ankylosis, cerebral palsy, etc.

As mentioned above, osteopathic correction is most effective for reversible functional disorders. Osteopathy consists of releasing the musculoskeletal system, internal organs of the body, and nerve fibers, restoring proper functioning of all body systems, including the nervous, circulatory, and lymphatic systems. Osteopath works primarily with the tissue biomechanical component of the body, through which they can influence the level of tissue and organ metabolism, fluid movement, and nerve regulation. In case of more complicated disease development, the osteopath should collaborate with other specialists (psychotherapist, orthodontist, physician of therapeutic physical training, etc.).

Osteopathic practitioners use various manual techniques on multiple structures to improve physiological functions and support homeostasis altered by somatic dysfunctions. The osteopathic correction was developed to stimulate self-regulation mechanisms in the body by working with areas of dysfunction.

Osteopathic manipulations are primarily directed at connective tissue and related structures. Due to the unity of the connective tissue skeleton, mechanical signals are transmitted through the fascia of the whole body. By exerting mechanical influence on the patient's body, the osteopath can cause various effects on these structures. The main osteopathic techniques aim to improve mobility and blood supply of tissues (including endocrine glands and nerve structures), leading to enhanced functioning of joints, muscles, and internal organs and normalizing neurohumoral regulation.

SD is an area of impaired tissue mobility, so osteopath first focuses on the effect of osteopathic correction on joint mobility. This is an easily measurable indicator that demonstrates the impact of osteopathic correction. Osteopathic Correction (O.C.) increases the movement in the joints of the extremities. Unilateral mobilization of the arch joint can instantly restore the neurodynamic of the posterior muscle chain. In the group of subjects who received osteopathic correction, the angle of passive straight leg elevation increased significantly more than in the comparison group (p<0.001) (Szlezak A.M. et al., 2011). The osteopathic technique of dynamic plantar flexor stretching showed its effectiveness in increasing ankle joint mobility (p<0.0001). After O.C., the volume of movements in the back and neck increases. The amplitude of the electromyogram decreases, and the range of neck movements expands in all directions (Sefton J.M. et al., 2011). A meta-analysis showed a significant difference (p<0.0001) in active mouth opening in favor of O.C. when compared with other conservative treatments for TMJ dysfunction. As stated by many researchers, increased mobility is achieved, in particular, through the normalization of muscle tone. Instrumental measurement of muscle visco-elastic properties by vibration visco-elastometry before and after correction in virtually healthy young adults showed that muscle elasticity decreases (p<0.0001) and viscosity increases (p=0.03). These changes can be regarded as favorable. They may indicate a decrease in muscle tone and an improvement in blood supply to the muscles.

The vast majority of publications on the effectiveness of O.C. focus on its antipain effects. O.C. significantly reduces acute and chronic pain of myofascial genesis and postoperative pain, as well as prescription pain medications. When O.C. is used, there is a more pronounced reduction in pain compared to standard treatment or placebo. At the same time, O.C. is safe for patients and has no side effects like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Licciardone J.C. et al., 2013).

Musculoskeletal injuries provoke an inflammatory response accompanied by pain. Peripheral sensitization is the response of mechanoreceptors to inflammatory mediators. Primary mediators of peripheral sensitization include bradykinin, prostaglandins and leukotrienes, serotonin, histamine; proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin IL-1β; chemokines; neurotrophins; glutamate, Substance P. Baseline levels of the proinflammatory interleukins IL-1β (r=0.33; p=0.005) and IL-6 (r=0.32; p=0.006) correlated with the number of SD There is a significant decrease in serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα) in individuals who received osteopathic correction (p<0.001) (Teodorczyk-Injeyan J.A. et al., 2006), and an increase in anti-inflammatory factors (IL-8. A significantly more significant decrease in TNFα concentration 12 weeks after treatment in patients who received O.C. compared to patients who received imitation osteopathic correction (p=0.03) was found (Licciardone J.C. et al., 2013). O.C. has an anti-inflammatory effect and can directly affect the process of peripheral sensitization.

Endogenous cannabinoids activate cannabinoid receptors in the brain and cause effects such as anxiolysis, analgesia, and sedation. In addition, there were changes in the levels of β-endorphins, anandamide, N-palmitoylethanolamide, serotonin, and endogenous cannabinoids in those who received the osteopathic correction. An increase in β-endorphin and N-palmitoylethanolamide levels compared to the initial level was noted immediately after treatment. obtained a 168% increase in serum anandamide levels after osteopathic correction compared to the initial level. The authors suggest that treatments commonly thought to be closely related to changes in the endorphin system, such as osteopathic correction, may be triggered by the endocannabinoid system.

Thus, O.C. has an antipain effect in various pathological processes, influencing peripheral and central links of the nociceptive system and activating the antinociceptive system. The analysis of heart rate variability shows that the use of O.C. affects the autonomic nervous system, reduces the activity of the sympathetic department, restoring the autonomic balance and having a parasympathetic trophotropic effect.

The increase of absolute power of α-rhythm on electroencephalogram (EEG), improvement of sleep, and decrease of anxiety is shown in many research works as an effect of cranial techniques (compression of IV ventricle). One of the factors leading to the improvement of the electrical activity of the brain can be an improvement of its blood supply, as noted by many researchers. In particular, in children with pseudobulbar dysarthria, after a course of treatment with the inclusion of O.C. using ultrasound, Doppler imaging recorded a significant decrease in the asymmetry of velocity blood flow, improved tone and peripheral vascular resistance, noted the normalization of cerebrovascular reactivity to metabolic loads, a significant reduction in venous dysthymia (p<0.05), which was not in the control group. O.C. improves lymph flow and lymphatic drainage of tissues and mobilizes leukocytes from the depot. Such effects, significant for treating many diseases, are complicated to obtain by other methods of influence on the body. All the above allows us to consider osteopathy as a direction of clinical medicine with clinically and experimentally proven effects underlying its scientific grounding.

Main indications for osteopathic correction

Osteopathy has its scope of application, as well as indications and contraindications. The main goal of the osteopath is to restore the health of the body, so the indications for O.C. can be a variety of disorders and malfunctions in the body:

- As monotherapy - the presence of somatic dysfunctions in the patient with the absence or minimal expression of clinical manifestations (in the absence of nosological diagnosis) and the lack of contraindications to osteopathic treatment.

- As a part of complex therapy with joint management of the patient with a doctor of the corresponding specialty - for all nosological units without contraindications.

The difference between osteopathy and other medical specialties

One of the founders of osteopathy, John Littlejohn, called it "applied physiology," referring to its ability to restore the body to normal functioning. Modern medical terminology interprets osteopathy as holistic [note: holism is the science of wholeness], a manual medical system for the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients with reversible health disorders, which aims to activate the body's natural ability to heal itself. The key difference in osteopathy is that it considers the body's individual characteristics and pays attention to its condition as a whole. While a doctor deals with diagnosing and treating an existing disease, an osteopath can see the early signs, prevent the development of tissue dysfunction, and restore health. Osteopathy is also effective in cases where, after an illness, it is necessary to restore health using the body's internal reserves.

Osteopathy as a science

E.T. Still wrote that osteopathy is primarily a science. Any science is built based on a paradigm generally accepted at a given time. Throughout historical development, science and the rules of its functioning have changed. Today, scientific cognition is considered when the obtained knowledge is confirmed by experiments that can be repeated many times.

As an object of osteopathy, it is proposed to consider a human being as a part of a whole, including nature and society. In a living organism, there are constant movements on all levels, from the interaction of molecules to the body's movement in space. Body tissues are evaluated in terms of the trinity and mutual influence of biomechanical, motor, and metabolic processes, each of which should be balanced to preserve the body's homeostasis, i.e., its dynamic constancy. Fluctuations of metabolic processes in tissues, positional equilibrium of anatomical structures, and equilibrium of mobility of these structures appear to be interdependent. Thus, changes in the metabolic component can entail changes in the mobility and position of these tissues, and vice versa: changes in the mobility and status of tissues will entail changes in their metabolism.

Speaking about the topic of osteopathy, we mean somatic dysfunction or limitation of mobility at all levels: tissue, fluid, and metabolic. The subject of science determines the specificity of this branch of science and its distinction from others. "Small movement," or micro-mobility, is the subject of osteopathy; it is what the osteopath examines in the diagnostic process. A "small movement" deviation from the norm leads to somatic dysfunction.

The main methods of osteopathy are palpation and perception. Palpation is a method of manual medical examination of the patient.

Palpation is based on the tactile sensation arising from the movement and pressure of the fingers or palm of the groping hand. It is characterized by tight contact with the patient's tissues. Palpation is used to determine the properties of tissues and organs: their position, size, shape, consistency, mobility, topographic relationships, and the painfulness of the examined organ.

Perception, or perception (from Latin perceptio), is a manual diagnostic technique the osteopathic physician uses to obtain information from the patient's body about the presence and nature of somatic dysfunction. Perception sees the object as a whole and, at the same time, distinguishes its features and highlights information in it that is adequate for the examination. In essence, it is a complex process of receiving and transforming the information the osteopath gets from the patient using all the senses, forming a subjective image of the patient and a perception of the patient's body condition.

Modern osteopathy does not exclude intuition to obtain information about the patient's condition. Intuition (from Latin intuitio - contemplation, from the verb intueor - to gaze) is a direct comprehension of truth without logical analysis, based on imagination, empathy and previous experience, a "gut feeling," insight. A unique role is given to intuition in the biodynamic concept of osteopathy.

Even though osteopathy developed relatively separately from official medicine, the world has accumulated quite a lot of evidence for its effectiveness and safety in a wide range of diseases. In recent decades, controlled randomized studies have been conducted according to the rules of evidence-based medicine, and meta-reviews have been published. The development of modern osteopathy will require a study of the works of its "founding fathers" and a philosophical rethinking of the ideas they contain. Future osteopaths should not mindlessly repeat the words of Still and Sutherland like a mantra. Their task is to build the modern building of osteopathy on the solid foundation of the philosophical concepts of its founders.

One of the tasks of osteopathy is the development of its philosophical principles laid down by E.T. Steele. To explain the complex and subtle processes of the human body's functioning, it is necessary to integrate the knowledge of many branches of science: physics, chemistry, psychology, biomechanics, and physiology. An essential issue for osteopathy is the creation and improvement of the methodology of teaching this discipline. The complexity of the method is that besides theoretical knowledge on the subject and practical skills, it is necessary to bring the following idea expressed by E.T. Still: osteopathic palpation and perception is also a personal way of every osteopath, taking into account individual features of a particular osteopath's personality. The heritage study gives a new impulse to developing osteopathic philosophy and strengthens its foundation. Osteopathy uses neither scalpel nor pills; its methods treatment in many cases is several times higher than in allopathic medicine. Often after the first treatment sessions, the disease, which has been unsuccessfully fought for years or even decades, begins to recede.

Nature designed us harmoniously, and we can restore that harmony!

## Homeopathy through the Ages

Pesonina S.P., MD, PhD, Professor.

Dolinina L.U. MD, PhD, Professor.

Homeopathy (from the Greek homoios - similar, the same; patthos - disease) is a method of treating a disease consisting of using small doses of those drugs that in large quantities, cause symptoms of the disease in a healthy person. The founder of homeopathy was the German physician Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1847).

Although Hippocrates had distinguished two directions of medicine development: "to treat with the opposite - allopathy" and "to treat with the like – homeopathy." Hanemann defined and formulated the most important principles of the homeopathic treatment method. These include the principle of similarity, the principle of studying the pharmacodynamics of medicines on healthy people, and the principle of prescribing small doses of drugs prepared according to a technology accepted in homeopathy.

The basic principle of homeopathy, coupled with the possibility of treating with small doses of medicines, was presented by S. Hahnemann in 1810 in his major work "Organon of Medicine." The reduction of doses of "similar" drugs, according to S. Hahnemann, naturally increases the therapeutic effect. The essential condition for this is also developed by S. Hahnemann's method of preparing medicinal dilutions - a strict shaking system. The medicine prepared in this way, according to S. Hahnemann, "dynamizes," acquires "power." The author also called this method of preparing homeopathic remedies "potentiation" and the dilutions "potencies."

The basic homeopathic principle of treating the like with small doses is confirmed by life and years of experience in practicing medicine. The entire practice of prophylactic vaccination - immunization as a specific prevention of infectious diseases among humans and animals - is consistent with this principle. The first writings of E. Jenner on smallpox vaccination (1798) appeared during the birth of homeopathy. To prevent anaphylactic shock, A.M. Bezredka suggested a method of preliminary administration of small doses of antigen to desensitize the organism. Allergen-specific immunotherapy for allergic diseases is based on the same principle. Small concentrations of an allergen, such as pollen from specific trees or grasses, are used to treat various types of sensitization.

The principle postulated by S. Hahnemann also received numerous private confirmations. For example, mercury drugs in toxic doses affect the body, affecting many organs and systems, with significant damage to the intestines (ulcerative colitis). Meanwhile, the same drugs in low doses act favorably in dysenteric-like colitis. Arsenic causes cholera-like diarrhea, but when used homeopathically, it cures diarrhea of different nature. Iodine irritates the respiratory tract and, in small doses, is beneficial in bronchitis. Sulfur, when prolonged, leads to widespread dermatitis, and in homeopathy, Sulfur jodatum helps in various skin diseases. Cantharis vesicatoria (Spanish flies), in toxic doses, causes inflammation of the bladder, and in homeopathic doses, relieves the suffering of patients with cystitis and urethritis. Sporgonium in large doses causes severe damage to the body with vasospasm, complicated by the development of gangrene. In small doses Secale cornutum is successfully used for obliterating atherosclerosis, etc.

The whole natural world is used as a medicinal substrate for homeopathic preparations, primarily raw materials of plant, animal, and mineral origin. Therefore, homeopathy rightfully belongs to the methods of naturotherapy.

The arsenal of remedies included in the practice of homeopathy amounts to more than a thousand and a half, but 150-200 of them are most commonly used. In principle, any biological substance can be used as a homeopathic medicine if you know its toxic-dynamic properties ("medicinal pathogenesis," according to S. Hahnemann) and used in small doses according to the principle of similarity. In addition to experiments on themselves and volunteers, an essential source for compiling "medicinal pathogenesis" for homeopaths has been and continues to be the clinical picture of accidental poisonings and occupational diseases. Pharmacological experiments on animals are of less importance due to the lack of possibility to obtain in this way valuable homeopathy information on subjective sensations as the most critical part of any "medicinal pathogenesis."

The description of the "medicinal pathogenesis" of almost every homeopathic remedy includes the constitutional type, the organotropy and pharmacodynamics of the remedy, the symptoms and diseases for which it is indicated, and the so-called modalities. Modalities are changes in the patient's well-being in relation to external and internal environmental conditions, information about what and when symptoms and signs intensify or weaken, appear, or change. Detailed descriptions of "medicinal pathogenesis" are contained in homeopathic manuals called Homeopathic Material Medicine.

The method of selecting a homeopathic remedy for a particular patient constitutes the content of the physician's daily work, a kind of core, the quintessence of the homeopathic system. Today, many classical homeopathic remedies proposed and studied by S. Hahnemann and his followers continue to be used; obsolete remedies are eliminated, and new ones appear and will appear in the future.

Thus, homeopathy is not an archaic, frozen, but a constantly developing and renewing system of treatment of patients.

Liquid and dry medicinal forms of substrates are used to prepare a homeopathic remedy. In the first case, the initial material is tinctures prepared from a mixture of pure alcohol with the juice of fresh plants or by soaking dry plants. In the second case, these are powders made from mashed substances mixed with milk sugar. Dilutions of tinctures and powders are prepared by adding new portions of solvent (alcohol, distilled water, sugar). The decimal scale of dilutions (denoted by the Roman numeral X or Latin letters D.H.) and the hundredth scale (indicated by the number without the additional symbol or Latin letters C.H.) by Hahnemann are used.

To prepare a drug by decimal (decimal) scale, take one part of the original substance with nine parts of the solvent (alcohol, distilled water, or sugar). The result is the first decimal dilution, or potency (denoted in the recipe as x1 or 1D (D.H.). The second decimal dilution x2 or 2D (D.H.) is also prepared: 9 parts of the same solvent are added to 1 part of the first decimal dilution (x1). The third decimal dilution is also prepared, containing 1/1000th part of the original drug material.

When making drugs on the hundredth scale, 1 part of the original drug substance and 99 parts of the solvent are taken (the first hundredth dilution, denoted by the number 1 without the additional symbol or 1C (C.H.). The following one-hundredth dilutions (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 30, etc.) are prepared similarly.

Hahnemann wrote about preparing each subsequent dilution in a new vessel, but there is also a method of preparing a homeopathic preparation, according to Korsakov. Semen Korsakov, a contemporary of Hahnemann, proposed to make and potentiate a homeopathic remedy in one bottle. Among modern homeopathic remedies, preparations prepared according to Korsakov's method and designated, for example, as 30K and 200K. This means they are prepared according to the hundredth scale in one bottle, according to the Korsakov method.

Traditionally, homeopathic remedies are made in the form of powders, drops, granules, ointments, rubbing liquids, or oils. In recent years, the forms of homeopathic remedies have expanded considerably. In pharmacies, modern homeopathic remedies are also presented in tablets, eye drops, nasal sprays, vaginal and rectal suppositories, and solutions for injections.

Adults are usually prescribed 6-8 drops or 6-8 pellets of homeopathic medicine per dose under the tongue. Powders are dosed "on the tip of a feather" (knife). Complex homeopathic remedies are dosed slightly differently: Adults 10 drops or 5 pellets 3 times a day. Children are prescribed 1 drop or 1 pellet per 1 year of life. From 5-8 years of age, adult dosages are used. Sometimes, the physician sets the individual dosage for a particular patient.

Choosing medicine and dilution (potency) is crucial in homeopathic practice.

Low dilutions in homeopathic practice are considered x1, x2, x3, 3; medium - 6, 9, 12, 15; high - 30 and higher. Some homeopaths prefer very high dilutions, up to 1000 and higher.

Nervous system diseases usually require medium and high doses. When the doctor expects an immediate effect in acute cases, it is preferable to use low and medium dilutions with frequent use (for example, every hour) and with chronic diseases - high with occasional use (1-2 times a day or every other day). Constitutional remedies are also usually prescribed in high dilutions.

Currently, homeopathy is heterogeneous and characterized by several directions. They are based on the fundamental homeopathic principles (principles of similarity and use of small doses) but differ in treatment tactics.

The uninitiators, also called orthodox or classical homeopaths, believe that in treating any patient, only one but correctly and precisely chosen medicine should always be used. These constitutional homeopathic remedies correspond to specific constitutional-psychological types of people (Ignacia, Hamomilla, Pulsatilla, Dulcamara, Platina, Nux vomica, Argentum nitricum, etc.). Characteristically, the precise prescription of such constitutional remedies to persons with appropriate psychological and behavioral characteristics not only reduces neurotic manifestations but also levels the somatic complaints characteristic of modern neuroses.

Pluralists, on the other hand, allow for the simultaneous or sequential use of several different remedies, covering as many of the patient's identified symptoms and disorders as possible.

One of the essential features of homeopathy is that the same homeopathic remedy can affect patients with various diseases. On the other hand, the same pathological process in different patients can be affected by different medications, which differ in chemical structure and are similar in toxicodynamics at the organism level.

All the variety of drugs available in the arsenal of homeopathic medicine by the nature of interaction with the patient's body can be divided, very conventionally, into the following groups: constitutional, etiotropic, pathogenetic, and drainage means.

Constitutional remedies are those that are most suitable for people who have inherited or acquired characteristic morphological features, their peculiar level and type of metabolism, type of higher nervous activity, and, most importantly, predisposition to a particular range of diseases, pathological conditions, the course of which may differ in several characteristic features.

Modern homeopathy believes the constitution depends on hereditary predisposition and external conditions. Therefore, the study of the constitution must consider the totality of anamnestic, objective, and subjective data, both genotypic and phenotypic.

Thus, the concept of constitution is identified with the idea of personality. The art of diagnosis, first and foremost a skillful collection of anamnesis and its correct evaluation and interpretation, is of particular importance.

The scope of this publication does not allow for a detailed description of all the remedies, so a description of the most prominent homeopathic constitutional remedies is offered as an illustration.

Constitutional remedies are prescribed primarily in the morning, during the day, in medium dilutions (6, 12), and once or twice during the day. If the degree of similarity is high, they may be prescribed in higher potencies once a week (30), once a month (200), and less frequently (1000).

This group is closely related to the family of constitutional remedies because the existing biological defect of hereditary or acquired genesis seems to be the basis for the development of the pathological process, arising, sometimes, under the slightest influences. The need for the prescription of etiotropic drugs arises in the case of a clear connection between the onset or exacerbation of the disease with the impact of external damaging or permissive factors of a physical, mental, or social nature. If the disease has a long-standing anamnestic connection with the etiologic factor, the etiotropic drug is used in high fractions (30 and above) in infrequent doses. If exposure to a particular etiologic factor leads to the development of acute disease, the drug is prescribed in medium divisions (6, 12), with frequent doses.

The group of pathogenetic agents plays a paramount role at the stage of therapy of acute phenomena, exacerbation of the disease, when constitutional drugs may not even be prescribed, to avoid unwarranted drug exacerbation. Both constitutional and pathogenetic agents are used together in a chronic, sluggish course of the pathological process. The degree of dilution of pathogenetic drugs depends on the acuteness of the course and the severity of clinical manifestations. Acute situations usually require low divisions (x3, 3), subacute, and chronic-medium (6, 12) and higher.

Among pathogenetic drugs, the so-called drainage homeopathic remedies occupy an important place. Their prescription is associated primarily with the need for therapy of endogenous intoxication, complicating the course of any chronic disease. Drainage remedies activate metabolic processes and excretion of its products and prevent their accumulation in the body. Among the drainage agents, distinguished preparations mainly related to specific excretory organs. Usually, they are prescribed in medium potencies, in frequent doses, for a long time.

A homeopathic prescription may include 3-4 remedies, including a constitutional remedy, one to two pathogenic remedies, and a drainage remedy.

It is not advisable to simultaneously prescribe herbal remedies belonging to the same plant group and chemical elements belonging to the same group in the D.I. Mendeleev table (for example, two halogens or two alkali metals). It is optimal to prescribe preparations of different origins in parallel: plant, animal, and mineral.

Constitutional and pathogenetic remedies are taken before meals. Usually, 20-30 minutes, 1-2 times a day, alternately, and drainage remedies are better prescribed half an hour after meals, 2-3 times during the day. It is customary not to combine taking homeopathic remedies with food intake.

Since no tolerance or dependence develops on homeopathic medicines, long-term treatment does not reduce their effectiveness. In acute conditions, the duration of homeopathic therapy is counted in a few hours-days; in subacute conditions - 3-4 weeks; and in chronic conditions, it requires appropriate "chronic" and sometimes lifelong treatment with periods of taking homeopathic drugs (up to 6 months) and periods of "rest" (up to 1 month). In the case of subacute diseases, such a change of drugs should be carried out after two weeks from the beginning of homeotherapy in acute diseases - within a few hours to days. However, suppose a chronic illness with a sluggish course of the therapeutic effect of medication does not occur for more than one month. In that case, it is necessary to re-examine the case and try to prescribe an adequate treatment.

In recent decades, the field of complex homeopathy has developed extensively worldwide. A complex homeopathic remedy is a homeopathic remedy that contains several simple homeopathic remedies. Complex homeopathic remedies have all the advantages of single-component ones; they are made of biologically pure and natural raw materials, synergistically affect the body, and do not cause side effects, including allergic reactions. In addition, unlike simple homeopathic remedies, complex homeopathic remedies have indications for use, i.e., the nosological principle of prescription, which allows their usage by doctors and patients unfamiliar with the homeopathy method. No advanced training in homeopathy is required to prescribe these remedies. Also, complex homeopathic remedies are available over the counter in pharmacies and have a variety of pharmaceutical forms (peas, tablets, drops, syrups, nasal sprays, rectal suppositories, solutions for injections, and nasal and ophthalmic drops). All the advantages mentioned above of complex homeopathic preparations allow their broader use in practical health care, placebo-controlled and comparative clinical trials according to international standards, promoting homeopathy integration into public health care.

Since 1992, more than 200 dissertations have been defended by doctors and pharmacists in Russia, including Ph.D. and doctoral dissertations on problems related to homeopathy or performed with homeopathic preparations. Dissertations were defended in various medical and pharmaceutical specialties: obstetrics and gynecology, nervous diseases, therapy, pulmonology, pediatrics, dentistry, ear, throat, and nose diseases, social hygiene and health care organization, production technology, etc.

It has been shown and proven that homeopathic remedies can be used effectively as primary or adjunctive agents in treating various diseases. Combining homeopathic treatment with traditional treatments is necessary in many cases.

## Acupuncture and integrative medicine

Parcernjak S.A., M.D., PhD., Professor

The Head of St. Petersburg Vvedensky City Clinical Hospital, President of the Interregional Association of Integrative Medicine,Professor of Northwestern State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov

Lebedeva I.A., M.D., PhD., Assistant Professor

Northwestern State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov

Parcernjak A.S., M.D., PhD., Assistant Professor

Saint Petersburg Medical and Social Institute

For several millennia, the peoples of the East have accumulated empirical data on the therapeutic use of acupuncture and moxibustion based on medical practices, which have now been scientifically interpreted. "Zhen-tszyu therapy" comes from zhen - needle pricking and tszyu - moxibustion. Its main peculiarity is the mobilization of the body's resources, active involvement of the patient in the treatment process, and minimal use of medications since allergization of the population and drug addiction are becoming significant problems of modern medicine.

The method of Zhen-tszyu therapy emerged on the territory of ancient China at the end of the Stone Age (Neolithic) and, judging by the written records, about 4-5 thousand years ago. One of the first medical books in China is considered to be a medical treatise called "Nei Jin." Even today, this canonical work is of interest to specialists. It was translated into Russian in 1840 by A.A. Tatarinov. By the end of the 3rd century A.D., there were already special manuals on Zhen-tszyu therapy. Indications, contraindications, and schematic pictures of the point's location were developed. In the III-IV centuries, acupuncture spread to the countries bordering China. The works of Huang Fu-mi (215-282 A.D.) marked the beginning of the application of this method in Japan. Through the Tibetan folk physicians, the method penetrated India and Mongolia. In the fifteenth century, bronze statuettes of a man with dots on them were cast.

European countries became interested in Oriental methods of treatment in the 17th century. Since the XIX century in France, practical medicine and extensive scientific research on justifying these methods developed. In the XVII century, in Grenoble, the first book, "The Secrets of Chinese Medicine" (Harvien, 1671), was published, which described the method of treatment of patients with needles and was first called "acupuncture," i.e., point injection. The experience of French scientists was successfully developed in Germany, Austria, Italy, England, and other European countries. Nowadays, acupuncture is not only a point injection but also other ways of acting on it to restore the function of the vital process. Before treating with one of the acupuncture methods, it is necessary to determine the patient's characteristics, determine the body's state concerning "excess" or "lack" of function, and then choose the treatment method.

Ancient Eastern medicine is based on a non-theological, spontaneous-dialectical approach to health and disease problems. Physiological and pathological processes are considered as a cycle of causal dependence of one phenomenon on another (wu-shin). In this is seen the idea of interaction and interrelation of internal organs among themselves and with external body covers (zhang-fu hemispheric meridians).

With the development of scientific and technological progress, there are new theories explaining the mechanisms of action of acupuncture (vegetative-reflex, ionic, capillary, GI-ric, histamine, etc.).As the main theoretical concept, which is based on physiological data, the idea of acupuncture as a method of reflex therapy based on a complex neurohumoral mechanism is put forward. Research on the neurohumoral factor of pain syndrome showed that pain relief during acupuncture stimulation is connected with endogenous peptides with morphine-like properties named endorphins.

Reflexotherapy is a variety of methods of exposure through skin, skin-muscular, and nerve formations of different strengths, nature, and duration of irritation applied to certain reflexogenic zones for therapeutic purposes. Acupuncture needles, electropuncture, mechanical and physical influences, and herbal and mineral substances are used as influencing means. One of the essential tasks in conducting reflexotherapy is to choose a rational method and an adequate method of exposure to the points. When treating patients with various pathologies, reflexotherapy is used not only as an independent method but also in combination with other types of therapy. The book Nei Jin states that the therapeutic effect is achieved when pricking active points. The practice of acupuncture shows that the most significant therapeutic result is achieved when the needle is manipulated at the functional point.

Despite some conventionality of designation, it is now proven that the acupuncture point is a biologically and functionally important entity. The maximum number of peripheral specific and nonspecific receptors is concentrated precisely in these small areas, which transfer afferent signals to different levels of segmental and suprasegmental formations of the autonomic nervous system when they are irritated. Besides, the points via segmental formations represent the areas projected on the skin most closely connected with the corresponding internal organs. These functional features of the points formed the basis for their therapeutic and diagnostic use. Functional interrelations between skin coverings and bodies of the internal environment of an organism were created in the process of adaptive evolution with the leading role of skin exteroceptors, the latter being irritated, causing the corresponding reaction of internal bodies aimed at maintenance of homeostasis.

In reflexotherapy, it is essential to distinguish between the concepts of "method" and "method" of exposure because the method of disclosure is often identified with the method. In reflexotherapy, the principal therapeutic value is the method of disclosure, i.e., the strength and duration of the caused irritation of the active points to obtain specific reactions of the body. The method of action is a manipulation aimed at implementing the chosen method of reflexotherapy. Methods of influence include acupressure, acupuncture, heating, electropuncture, magnetic and laser reflexotherapy, etc. In practical work, two irritation methods are excitatory (weak and strong) and inhibitory (weak and strong). Methods are characterized by specific duration time intervals of irritation of a point or zone and the degree of expression of sensations caused by it, peculiar to each technique of reflexotherapy.

Acupuncture includes two equivalent therapeutic methods - acupuncture and moxibustion. Techniques of acupuncture include classical acupuncture, superficial acupuncture, and microacupuncture. The therapeutic effect of acupuncture is determined by the method of exposure, the moment, and the place of applied irritation. Prolonged and intensive irritation of the point has a sedative (or inhibitory) effect and weak and less prolonged irritation has a tonic, stimulating effect. Needles of different sizes, sharpening, and metals of which they are made are used for work. When conducting corporate acupuncture, the needle is selected with the injection depth in mind. Locating acupuncture points is connected with the fact that they are located on specific lines (meridians).

In classical reflexotherapy, even today, points are classified in the form of lines (meridians), representing a functional interrelation of specific acupuncture points, united by the homogeneity of therapeutic effect. Ancient Oriental physicians knew 361 corporate acupuncture points. Subsequently, 171 extra meridian points were found, and 110 new points were described. The extra-meridian points are classified into five areas of the body. Twelve paired meridians and two unpaired meridians are used in acupuncture practice. The name of paired permanent meridians consists of a numerical index and Chinese name, reflecting the main topography (hand, foot), belonging to the main organ and to yin or yang. All yang meridians are located on the limbs' outer-lateral side or the body's posterior surface. All yin meridians run along the limbs' anterior-interior surface or the body's front surface. The posterior-median meridian is the "ruler" and controls all yang meridian energy. The anterior-median meridian is the "conception" meridian, controlling all the yin meridians. Meridian has not only external but also internal connections to organs and systems. Some are defined as "secondary meridians". This allows us to influence the organ in whose meridians the point is located and other organs. In the case of pathology, connections are formed between the main meridians, which are represented as "miraculous meridians."

Thousands of years of imperial study of the body's functions have presented individual systems of connections in the form of major organs with meridians. A group of proximal and distal points is clearly distinguished in each main meridian. This division of points is explained today from current anatomical-physiological positions. In the central nervous system, there is a somatotopic principle of somatovisceral afferentation at the level of the thalamus and cortex. And the system of active points, united in meridians, is corresponding "somatic homologs" of visceral afferentation. When treating the corporal points, the local-segmental method is used.

Micro acupuncture is a variety of classical acupuncture. The therapeutic effect of micro-acupuncture, like in classical acupuncture, is based on the neurohumoral and reflex mechanism. Mechanical irritation of the receptor apparatus in the acupuncture point by the needle leads to chronic aseptic inflammation in the injection site. This creates a long-lasting pain dominant that switches the flow of pathologic impulses, gradually relieves them from the cerebral cortex, and promotes normalization of the functional state of the central and vegetative nervous system.

In clinical practice, micro-needling therapy can be used independently or after regular acupuncture, as well as in combination with corporal, auricular, and electropuncture reflexotherapy. Superficial acupuncture combines several ways of irritating the skin zones with a single needle, a bunch of needles, or a hammer with needles. Superficial acupuncture is based on neuro-reflexive, neurohumoral, and trophic action mechanisms. In China, this method of acupuncture is called Meihua Zhen.

Su - Jok therapy exists as an independent direction of acupuncture. According to this doctrine, there are zones of projection of internal organs on the skin of the hands and feet. In ancient Chinese medicine, several techniques used points on the hands and feet for acupuncture treatment. The true revival of hand-foot acupuncture came in the early 1970s thanks to Korean scientist Pak Jae-woo. Su-Jok acupuncture is a treatment method by stimulating specific points on the hands and feet with needles, moxibustion, and acupressure. Su-Jok is an independent acupuncture discipline and a multi-step treatment system. The healing process is carried out according to the basic correspondence system, the Belle Meridians, the 6 Ki. The uniqueness of the method is determined by the accessibility of zones on hands and feet and the possibility of influencing the points of "analogues" with high therapeutic efficiency.

Auriculotherapy is a method of treatment by acupuncture of the active points of the auricle. For the first time, the ancient literature mentions the treatment using this method in Egypt. In Europe, the technique is associated with the French physician R. Nogier, who developed a map of the auricle with an indication of body parts and internal organs projected on the areas and points of the auricle. The skin of the auricle is usually painless. Auricular points in a healthy person are latent, and changes in their condition are manifested in the presence of a pathological process in the corresponding organs and systems. Under acute diseases, specific points become painful, and their conductivity changes. In chronic conditions, the pain effect is accompanied by changes in the skin in the corresponding area. When the organ functions are normalized, the pathophysiological properties of the point disappear. Auriculotherapy has received its second birth due to its effectiveness and reliability in treating several so-called functional diseases, pain syndromes, and stress conditions. When treating through the points on the auricle, the impact on the corresponding projection structures of the central and vegetative nervous system and neuroendocrine systems is achieved. The principle of segmental reflex influence is constantly taken into account.

The mechanical probing or determination of skin conductivity changes in the corresponding points of the auricle with the following computer analysis and synthesis of information can play an essential role in the integral estimation of the main vital systems' state in norm and pathology.

Electropuncture - combines two independent but, at the same time, corresponding sections: electropuncture therapy (exposure to electric current on biologically active points) and electropuncture diagnostics (indication of a functional point by changing potentials and electric conductivity in it).

Information about electropuncture therapy first appeared in 1825 in the book "Report on Electropuncture, Moxa and Acupuncture (Japanese Medicine)" by the French physician Sarlandier. In the 30s of the XX century, electropuncture therapy became widespread in Europe. In 1969 R. Voll proposed a method of electropuncture diagnostics of the functional state of meridians. Voll's method consists of the fact that the functional state of a meridian is determined by the change of electrical resistance value in the area of the initial and final points of each of the 12 meridians. According to Voll, a pulse current of 0.9-10 Hz frequency is used to influence the points. The current intensity and duration of action are selected individually according to the indications and depending on the required effect.

The Ryodoraku method - revealing lines of increased electrical conductivity- is widely used in Japan. In 1959, Nakatani discovered a line resembling a meridian of points, the electrical conductivity of points on the line was higher than in the adjacent areas. Further, in a series of experiments, Nakatani found that lines of good electrical conductivity, resembling classical meridians, appear in pathological conditions. In addition, according to the author's methodology, a physiological ''corridor of norm'' can be established for each person. The "riodoraku" mechanism can be explained from the standpoint of visceral-sympathetic nerve reflexes.

Electropuncture diagnostics of meridians is based on the traditional notions that consider mechanisms of diseases of separate organs in connection with changes of "energy" in meridians. A computer version of the Nakatani riodoraku method has been developed, which helps to trace the dynamics of acupuncture meridian states change in the organism before and after the therapy.

The method of Su-Jok acupuncture proposed by Professor Park Jae-Woo was used in our work. Treatment was conducted in patients with complex pathology: mixed type neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD) and asthenoneurotic condition (n=38), Stage I hypertension (n=30), duodenal ulcer and NCD and asthenoneurotic disease (n=30). The patient's age ranged from 18 to 40 years old. The course of treatment was 10-15 sessions. Clinical, psychological, laboratory, and instrumental treatment methods were used to evaluate efficacy. The integral computer version of the Nakatani riodoraku method (Research Institute "Biophyspribor," St. Petersburg) was used in conjunction with them, with which the diagnosis and correction of pathological changes were carried out.

Before treatment, all patients received sedatives, tranquilizers, antidepressants, and betta-adrenoblockers. The treatment started with basic energetic influence. After two sessions conducted by Su-Jok in 15 patients with NCD of mixed type and asthenoneurotic condition, acupuncture became the primary treatment method up to the end of the course (10 sessions), and a long-lasting positive effect was marked on the background of monotherapy. After another six sessions, Su-Jok acupuncture became the primary treatment method in another 20 patients with NCD. Only three patients with NCD continued taking tranquilizers but at a reduced dosage. In the group of patients with stage I hypertension and asthenoneurotic condition, the long-lasting positive effect was observed after 5-6 sessions; the whole course of treatment comprised 15 sessions. After 3-4 sessions, all the patients felt better, their sleep normalized, and the heaviness in the heart area and palpitations disappeared. When using the integrative computer acupuncture diagnostics method, according to Nakatani, the patients with NCD and asthenoneurotic condition before treatment had an excess on the pericardium meridians. In patients with stage I hypertension and asthenoneurotic condition, excess on the heart, pericardium, pancreas, and spleen meridians was detected. Reliable positive dynamics were observed in the background of Su Jok acupuncture.

At the same time, by the end of the treatment, all patients with complex pathology significantly decreased personal and reactive anxiety, according to the Spielberg-Hanin test, and in seizure readiness, according to the Lusher test. By the end of the third month of therapy, we observed a decrease in adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol in the blood, normalization of immune status indicators.

As seen from the results obtained, the use of integrative computer diagnostics, according to Nakatani, makes it possible to trace the dynamics of acupuncture meridian state changes before, during, and after treatment of these patients, allows determining the disease structure (according to 6-KI); increases the efficiency of treatment formulation and therapy quality.

Thus, based on the historical experience of reflexotherapy computer acupuncture, the suggested variant allows increased efficiency of diagnostics and treatment of patients with complex pathology and stimulates the development of new integrative systematic approaches to estimating the functioning of the main regulatory and effector systems in norm and under pathology.

## Hirudotherapy

Parcernjak S.A., M.D., PhD., Professor

The Head of St. Petersburg Vvedensky City Clinical Hospital, President of the Interregional Association of Integrative Medicine,Professor of Northwestern State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov

Lebedeva I.A., M.D., PhD., Assistant Professor

Northwestern State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov

Parcernjak A.S., M.D., PhD., Assistant Professor

Saint Petersburg Medical and Social Institute

Hirudotherapy is a treatment using medicinal leeches. Hirudo medicinali, have been used to treat patients for centuries. In the past, leeches have proved to be an effective treatment for a number of conditions including battle wound treatment. Currently leeches may be used to assist in the treatment of abscesses, arthritis, glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, thrombosis and some venous disorders. Medical leeches may also be used in plastic surgery and in some blood circulatory problems. During feeding, leeches secrete a complex mixture of different biologically and pharmacologically active substances into the wound containing about 60 different proteins. Hirudin is the prominent constituent of leech saliva. These achieve a wide variety of goals useful to the leech as it feeds, helping to keep the blood in liquid form and increasing blood flow in the affected area.

Medicinal leech therapy made an international comeback in the 1970s in microsurgery used to stimulate circulation to salvage flaps and other tissue threatened by postoperative venous congestion, particularly in finger reattachment and reconstructive surgery of the ear, nose, lip, and eyelid. Other clinical applications of medicinal leech therapy include varicose veins, muscle cramps, thrombophlebitis, and osteoarthritis, among many varied conditions. The therapeutic effect is not from the small amount of blood taken in the meal, but from the continued and steady bleeding from the wound left after the leech has detached, as well as the anesthetizing, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilating properties of the secreted leech saliva.

## Possibilities of Complex Application of Integrative Medicine Methods for Combined Pathology

Parcernjak S.A., M.D., PhD., Professor

The Head of St. Petersburg Vvedensky City Clinical Hospital, President of the Interregional Association of Integrative Medicine,Professor of Northwestern State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov

Lebedeva I.A., M.D., PhD., Assistant Professor

Northwestern State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov

Parcernjak A.S., M.D., PhD., Assistant Professor

Saint Petersburg Medical and Social Institute

Based on our own experience, we can assert that only an integrative approach to treating patients with concomitant pathology allows us to overcome the disease. We have developed a complex of measures aimed at restoring the functioning of the central body systems. The treatment includes the simultaneous application of different methods, all of them being a single whole and logically continuing, supplementing and intensifying the effect of each other.

We have the dominant and auxiliary systems of homeostasis regulation and maintenance in the body. Of course, none can be isolated from the others, and the priorities can change depending on the conditions. Such an approach can be criticized for several points, mainly for the polarity of judgment. According to this concept, diseases can be divided into primary and secondary: the latter is a consequence of the former. In particular, treating vertebrogenic conditions has been noted to have a healing effect on other body systems. Correction of immunodeficiency states and vegetative disorders leads to improvement of mental functioning.

Combinations of the widespread pathologies of the cardiovascular system, cancer, diseases of the musculoskeletal system (spine, joints), emotional or neuropsychiatric sphere, and respiratory and gastrointestinal tract diseases are common in people over 35-40 years. Influence on these systems also allows influencing the course of different conditions actively. This is confirmed by the treatment results of patients with concomitant pathologies (vegetative dysfunctions (vegetosis) with additional involvement of regulatory and effector systems, initial manifestations of cardiovascular diseases, light mental disorders, progressing osteochondrosis, etc.). Complex treatment using integrative methods can overcome the disease and not only cure one disease but also improve the health of the body as a whole.

Whatever methods one uses for treating a particular illness without affecting the corresponding spine segments, achieving highly effective results is impossible. Since, as we know, the innervation of the internal organs comes from the spinal cord or the spine, when the control is broken, and the system that has fallen out from under it suffers, disease develops. If, however, the "control system" resumes its clear function, it also brings the organs under its control into proper condition. Therefore, including osteopathy therapy in the complex treatment for combined pathology provides outstanding results.

Take, for example, such a disease as hypertension. Patients with arterial hypertension accompanied by cardiac or cerebral symptoms, especially in the initial stage of latent depression, are often hospitalized with the diagnosis of hypertension. However, their systolic blood pressure increase is episodic, usually associated with afferent disorders, and not accompanied by the development of reliable organic changes. The rise in blood pressure due to vasoconstrictor reactions is also found quite often in cyclotensive reactions, in particular in the rapid transition from the manic phase to the depressive phase and vice versa. In this case, we are most likely dealing with borderline mental disorders accompanied by hypertensive reactions. In these cases, no positive results will be achieved without including psychotherapeutic, psychophysiological, acupuncture correction, and efferent therapy in the treatment program. Doctors need to know how to distinguish between patients who can get well without medication and those who cannot do without it. Accordingly, the most crucial task of integrative medicine is developing a new systemic mindset in doctors that knows the limits of drug therapy and alternative approaches.

The treatment complex used in our clinic consists of psychotherapy, including virtual computer color-form correction, volume acoustic treatment, acupuncture, massage (classical, canal, etc.) and manual therapy, efferent therapy, phytotherapy. Indications are also used Ultra High-Frequency induction therapy on anterior mediastinal organs with low intensity and duration of exposure, High-Frequency therapy, magnetic therapy, electrotherapy, laser therapy, halotherapy, and other types of physiotherapy. For many patients, treatment begins with enterosorption with Polyphepan. The course is 3 to 15 days, and the dosage depends on the patient's condition. For the body to perceive the complex treatment more efficiently and with more significant effect, it must be cleansed of excess toxins. After enterosorption, the energy system of the organism is ready for treatment with acupuncture. After acupuncture, the patient receives manual therapy. After the osteopathy treatment, the patient proceeds to the psychotherapy room. Half an hour of rest is necessary. In addition, relaxation helps to relieve pain. In the psychotherapy room, a patient lies on the bed and listens for 30 minutes to a recording with the psychotherapeutic effect. Here are her basic instructions: "You lie quietly, breathing normally. There are no extraneous thoughts in your head. Your muscles are relaxed, completely relaxed. You feel the pressure on your head of the pillow (if a person is sitting - the headrest). You feel the pressure of the bed on your whole body. No extraneous thoughts are in your head, and you do not react to extraneous sounds. Your heart beats rhythmically. With every word I say, with every breath you take, you feel pleasant warmth spread through your body. It penetrates your whole body, relaxes all your muscles, and calms your nervous system. All your thoughts, troubles, and problems recede into the background. You get laziness of thought; you don't want to think about anything. You are comfortable, quiet, and cozy in this dry, warm, quiet room. Nothing bothers you, nothing worries you...".

In psychotherapy, it is expedient to use elements of art therapy - soothing music and an interior with lovely genre pictures. The general benevolent, quiet background is supported by a pleasant scale of smells (with bronchial asthma, we should be careful with this component). The session ends with vouching for a good mood, increased work capacity, and no painful manifestations. Thus, in treating patients with concomitant pathology, with different involvement of regulatory and effector systems of the body, it is essential to use integrative medicine methods, which significantly increase treatment efficiency.

The basis of any medical manipulation is diagnosis. In the previous section, we reviewed some methods of quantum diagnostics, but in actual practice, it is necessary to use all possible ways of diagnosis and analysis. First, you must understand what is going on with the patient and then choose the treatment methods. Clinical blood tests and urinalysis can give an experienced physician helpful information. Similarly, classical treatment methods cannot be denied, especially if the patient is undergoing a course of specific therapy, for example, for cancer diseases. One has to be very careful about canceling the prescriptions of other specialists. This can lead to trouble both medically and legally. It is common practice for patients to sue doctors, and it is an unpleasant and expensive procedure that modern doctors increasingly have to deal with. People are pulling information from the Internet, turning to specialized lawyers, and using the legal system's full power to siphon money from doctors.

Based on the conclusions made, the doctor understands which methods of integrative medicine should be used along with psychological support (Fig. 21). Recommendations on lifestyle, nutrition, vitamins, and supplements are of great importance. Each person is an individual, each body reacts differently to the treatment provided, and patients do not always follow the recommendations, so regular checkups are a necessary part of the overall scheme. Only by regularly monitoring the patient's condition is it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the procedures and measures. Home devices for condition assessment and correction can be of great help. The next part of the book is devoted to these devices.

Fig.21. The principles of Quantum Medicine

We may distinguish several classes of quantum devices used in modern practice. They are based on exposure to the following physical factors:

• Electromagnetic fields of a wide range of frequencies.

• Magnetic fields.

• Light.

• Sound, in particular music.

## Electromagnetic Fields

In today's world, we are immersed in a sea of electromagnetic fields (EMF). We have no receptors for EMFs. We can't feel them, but they affect our well-being and health. The EMF spectrum extends from radio frequencies to gamma rays, and well beyond these limits (Figure 21). Visible light is also EMF; it is the only range we have receptors for. The higher the frequency of the wave, the greater its energy. Ultraviolet rays (UV) are much more energetic than infrared (which is why the skin is so sensitive to ultraviolet, and at the southern sun you may be easily get burned). EMF has been actively explored by humans since the 19th century, and modern life is impossible without electricity. We flick a switch and don't think about the powerful technology behind this simple movement. We have learned how to generate electricity from water, wind, light, coal, and atomic decay. We have learned how to transmit this energy over any distance, store it in batteries, and use it to transmit information beyond time and distance. Electromagnetic fields turned out to be the basis of life, and we have just begun to unlock the mysteries of this process.

Fig.21. Electromagnetic specter.

Jacques Benveniste (2004) was one of the first to propose that molecules communicate by the EMF signals. The current QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) theory of molecular signaling claims that two structurally matched molecules exchange specific information by mere contact that sends a signal to the interior of the cell. Such interactions, requiring random collisions on a trial-and-error basis, would have little statistical chance of occurring within seconds for molecules that depend on the circulation to reach their target. Such chemical/molecular communication could never explain the myriad automatic and immediate reactions that occur throughout the body in the “fight or flight” response to acute stress.

Benveniste’s idea was that the ligand molecule emits an electromagnetic signal with a frequency identical to the receptor’s molecules that causes them to co-resonate and activate the same intracellular responses. This model does allow the simultaneous transmission of different messages to different sites, much as a radio that can tune in to various AM, FM, or short-wave stations because the receiver and transmitter are vibrating at identical frequencies. Benveniste goes on to explain that every atom of every molecule and every intermolecular bond emits specific frequencies that can be detected at astronomical distances by radiotelescopes.

According to Nordenstrom (2004), the body’s electrical communication system can be compared to a battery in which the circuit is driven by separation of oppositely charged ions. Once the circuit is closed, long-distance current flows through the conducting cables; and, within the battery, ions drift across the permeable barrier. When tissue is damaged by injury or malignant growth, there is a buildup of positively charged ions in the affected area, whereas adjacent healthy tissue is negative. As a tumor grows, its inner cells are cut off from the circulatory system and slowly perish. This cell death leads to chemical changes and the production of positive electrical potential in the tumor compared to adjacent tissue.

Nordenstrom’s theories reinforce an emerging paradigm of communication at a physical / atomic level that emphasizes the connectedness not only among the body’s components but also between the organism and all of nature. This holistic approach helps us to understand why certain Indo-Tibetan practices provide benefits that cannot be explained by the current chemical/molecular or key/keyhole model of cellular communication. It has also led to an appreciation that living tissues are much more sensitive to electromagnetic fields and subtle energies than previously appreciated. This is particularly true with respect to the significant nonthermal physiological effects of radiation that are not accompanied by any detectable heat transfer. It is also clear that stronger stimuli do not always evoke greater responses in living systems and that less is often more in certain circumstances.

This is possible because of two important phenomena: cellular amplification and stochastic resonance, which refer to the research of Ross Adey and A. R. Liboff to explain this (2004). Among other numerous discoveries, Adey first described a “window of activity” above and below which electromagnetic fields had decreasing biological effects. We now recognize that such windows of opportunity can refer to frequency and amplitude characteristics that induce resonant responses. Liboff also has introduced the related concept of ion cyclotron resonance. What we may glean from all of this is that in addition to being a protective shield, the cell wall is emerging as a powerful amplifier for electromagnetic and possibly other subtle energy therapies (Rosch, 2009).

Let us have a look at different types of EMF treatment devices. In most cases we do not mention particular producer or a company, our goal is to give the main principles.

## Electromagnetic Treatment

The mechanism for the action of EMF on cells and tissues is based on how cells can detect and generate electromagnetic fields in general. Biological systems, such as cells, communicate not only with each other but also interact with their environment. This is done through several mechanisms at many levels depending on the type of cell tissue and the nature of the information being communicated. Most known mechanisms in the literature address cell-to-cell interaction as chemical or electrical signaling, but intercellular interaction can also be attributed to electromagnetic fields.

EMF has many well-documented physiological effects on cells and tissues including anti-inflammatory effects. MF therapies can provide noninvasive, safe, and easy-to-apply methods to directly treat the source of pain, injury, inflammation, and dysfunction. Low-frequency EMF has a long-term record of safety, backed by tissue culture, and animal and clinical studies which have been conducted for over two decades. Although the exact mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect is unclear, the cell membrane is most often considered the main target for EMF signals. It has been reported that EMF affects membrane-mediated signal transduction processes, especially the Ca2+ transport system. Early events in signal transduction play a critical role in calcium influx in the lymphocyte. Because calcium is an important second messenger for a wide variety of important cellular processes such as RNA, DNA and protein synthesis modulation of calcium signaling by electromagnetic fields has the potential to influence these cell functions. Studies have demonstrated that EMF can stabilize the cell membrane by restoring membrane protein activity (Ca2+ AT‐ Phase) and maintaining intracellular Ca2+ levels. Biological systems in transition have been shown to be more sensitive to EMF exposure than stationary systems.

In recent decades a big variety of applications of the EMF of different frequencies for treatment have been developed. The review by C. Ross (2012) presented the following list (Table 1):

Table 1. Certain field strengths and frequencies of EMF proven to be disease-modifying [Ross, 2012].

Condition | Frequency Hz | Key Finding
Alzheimer’s | 5-8 | Significantly improves cognitive function
Arthritis | 50 | Reduction of pain and inflammation
Back Pain | 64 | Statistically significant potential for reducing pain
Bacterial Infection | 50 | Increased immune response against bacteria
Cancer (breast, colon and prostate tumors) | 0.1 to 114 kHz | Tumor specific frequencies showed significant decrease in size
Fibromyalgia | 0.1 - 64 | Improved function, pain, fatigue, and global status
Gastroduodenitis | 100 | 77% of treatment patients experienced elimination of gastro- esophageal and duodenogastral refluxes
Mastitis | 10-25 | Significantly reduced post-op inflammation
Neuritis | 10-100 | Produced beneficial effects in 93% of patients
Osteoarthritis | 5-24 | Rapid improvements of immunological indices & alleviates symptoms
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder | 1-5 | 75% of patients had a clinically significant antidepressant response

Let us have a look to the most popular technologies.

## Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)

The vagus nerve is part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls functions of the body that are not under voluntary control (such as heart rate and breathing). The vagus nerve sends information from the brain to other areas of the body. It also carries information from the body to the brain. Vagus nerve stimulation which entails the use of implanted electrodes to stimulate the vagus nerve is currently approved in the United States for the treatment of epilepsy and depression and is being actively studied as a treatment for osteoarthritis, tinnitus, anxiety, Alzheimer’s disease, migraine, fibromyalgia, obesity, autism, sepsis, and inflammatory pathologies (Pylaeva, 2019. Groves, 2005. Tracey, 2009).

• The therapy consists of a device that is implanted under the skin in the left chest area. An electrode or wire is attached to the generator device and placed under the skin. The wire is attached or wound around the vagus nerve in the neck.

• New, noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation devices, which don't require surgical implantation, have been approved in Europe and US to treat epilepsy, depression and pain.

• The device is programmed in the outpatient clinic to deliver pulses or stimulation at regular intervals. A person does not need to do anything for this device to work.

• A person with a VNS device is usually not aware of the stimulation while it is working.

• If a person is aware of when a seizure happens, they can swipe a magnet over the generator in the left chest area to send an extra burst of stimulation to the brain. For some people this may help stop seizures.

## Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive peripheral stimulation technique used to relieve pain. During TENS pulsed electrical currents are delivered across the intact surface of the skin to activate underlying nerves.  Different TENS techniques are used to selectively activate populations of nerve fibers to elicit mechanisms leading to pain relief. The main techniques are [Johnson, 2007]:

Conventional TENS

To selectively activate large diameter non-noxious afferents to elicit segmental analgesia. Low-intensity / high-frequency TENS at site of pain to produce “strong but comfortable TENS paraesthesia.” Administer whenever in pain.

Acupuncture-like TENS

To produce muscle twitches to activate small diameter motor afferents to elicit extra-segmental analgesia. High-intensity / low-frequency TENS over muscles, acupuncture points or trigger points to produce “strong but comfortable muscle contractions.” Administer for 15–30 minutes at a time.

Intense TENS

To activate small diameter noxious afferents to elicit peripheral nerve blockade and extra-segmental analgesia. High-intensity/high-frequency TENS over nerves arising from painful site to produce “maximum tolerable (painful) TENS paraesthesia.” Administer for a few minutes at a time.

Fig.22. Example of the Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

Conventional TENS

The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) describes conventional TENS as “High-frequency (50–100 Hz), low-intensity (paraesthesia, not painful), small pulse width (50–200μs).” The intention of conventional TENS is to stimulate selectively large diameter, low threshold non-noxious afferents (A-beta) in dermatomes related to the pain. This inhibits activity in second-order nociceptive transmission neurones in the central nervous system and is achieved by increasing TENS pulse amplitude to generate a strong, comfortable, non-painful paraesthesia beneath the electrodes. Further increases in pulse amplitude leads to high threshold A-delta afferent activity and painful paraesthesia beneath the electrodes. This is not the desired outcome for conventional TENS.

Fig.23. The principle of TENS therapy.

Acupuncture-like TENS (AL-TENS)

AL-TENS is a form of hyperstimulation described by Sjölund and colleagues in the 1970s. It can be used if patients do not respond to conventional TENS. IASP defines the characteristics of AL-TENS as “Low-frequency (2–4Hz), higher intensity (to tolerance threshold), longer pulse width (100–400μs).”  Low-frequency trains or bursts (2–4Hz) of high-frequency pulses (100–200pps) are often used in clinical practice. The intention of AL-TENS is to stimulate small diameter, high threshold peripheral afferents (A-delta) in order to activate extra-segmental descending pain inhibitory pathways. Non-painful muscle twitches occur during stimulation causing activity in small-diameter muscle afferents. Electrodes are positioned over myotomes, trigger points, and acupuncture points.

Intense TENS

The intention of intense TENS is to stimulate small diameter, high threshold cutaneous afferents (A-delta) to block transmission of nociceptive information in peripheral nerves and to activate extra-segmental analgesic mechanisms. High frequencies (up to 200 pps) and high intensities that are just tolerable to the patient are used but only delivered for short periods of time. Intense TENS acts as a counter-irritant and is useful for minor procedures such as wound dressing and suture removal.

There are two theories about how TENS nerve stimulation works. One theory is that the electric current stimulates nerve cells that block the transmission of pain signals, modifying your perception of pain. The other theory is that nerve stimulation raises the level of endorphins, which are the body’s natural pain-killing chemicals. The endorphins then block the perception of pain.

## Cranial Electrical Stimulation

Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) uses a cellphone-sized device that stimulates the cranium and brain with a current that cannot usually be sensed by the consumer (below four milliamps). No serious side effects have been reported. The FDA has recognized CES as a Class III device for the treatment of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders.

Studies (Shekelle, 2018) and clinical experience also suggest benefits for:

• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),

• obsessive-compulsive disorder,

• post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),

• cognitive dysfunction,

• traumatic brain injury,

• pain,

• enhancing attention and concentration, and

• decreasing assaultive behavior.

During cranial electrotherapy stimulation therapy, the current moves in the hypothalamus region of the brain. There are findings indicating that chemical transmitters such as endorphin, serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine are increased in the brain and cortisol hormone is decreased (Kirsch, 2002).

Fig.24. The principle of Cranial electrotherapy.

(https://alleviahealth.com/technology/ces/}.

## Microwave Therapy

Microwave therapy is a physical therapy that uses an electromagnetic field with a wavelength between 10 and 12.5 cm with a frequency of 2375 MHz. The purpose of the treatment is to provide heat deep into the skin, especially in the subcutaneous tissue of both the muscular and skeletal systems. Microwaves produced by medical devices are the result of a combination of electric current and magnetic current. The functioning of the organs of the endocrine system is activated under the influence of these centimeter waves, and the functioning of the pancreas, thyroid glands, and the adrenal glands is improved. As a result, the levels of the hormones thyroxine and insulin, etc. increase in the blood and the activity of the immune cells is inhibited.

It is completely painless. The area to be treated is interposed between two plates that emit waves. The session lasts from 15 to 30 minutes and must be repeated daily for 15 to 30 days. Due to the short wavelength, microwaves do not penetrate very deep (up to 4 cm) into the body. At the same time, it has an effect on the tissues at that depth, namely on the subcutaneous adipose tissue, skin, lymph, blood, muscles, joints, and others. Most of the radiation is absorbed by those tissues that contain a large volume of water. Some of them are reflected by the interfaces between the environment and the surface of the skin: a standing wave is formed, which can be the cause of overheating of these structures. The pain-relieving effect of heat, which acts directly on the tissues to be treated, is certainly the reason why the treatment is the best known, but there are other notable effects. These include increased blood flow to the tissues, stimulation of the glands to produce hormones, dilation of blood vessels, relaxing action, oxygenation of muscles, and elimination of toxins.

Microwave therapy has the following effects:

• anti-inflammatory;

• local analgesic (pain intensity decreases);

• metabolic (metabolic processes are accelerated);

• trophic (blood flow to the tissues, in addition, the release of nutrients and oxygen is improved);

• secretory function (increases the rate of synthesis of various biologically active substances).

Thus, in the most common cases, the therapy is used successfully to treat some pathologies, such as back or neck pain, in osteoarthritis, some injuries, muscle contractures, sports injuries, such as muscle tears or strain affecting the knees, spine, shoulders, hips, hands (Liu, 2007. Shah, 2013)

## Extremely High Frequencies (EHF)

The Extremely High Frequencies (EHF) therapy is based on a biophysical theory that studies the mechanisms of action of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of millimetric type (1-10 mm) at high-frequency (30-300 GHz) of low intensity, and medical practice that uses the effects of these electromagnetic waves as a treatment of various disorders on a living organism. Electromagnetic waves of millimetric type have a low capacity of penetration into biological tissue (0.2-0,8 mm), and are almost completely absorbed by the superficial layers of the skin (molecules of water, hydrated collagen molecules, cells of connective tissue), without any thermal action. Therefore, the EHF waves do not act directly on the patient's internal organs.

Theoretical and experimental bases of EHF therapy were developed in the second half of 1980 in Russia (USSR) after many years of extensive studies (Deviatkov, 1985, 1989). Accelerated healing of damaged tissue has been studied in animals and in a clinical environment in a number of medical institutions of the USSR on patients with various disorders.

The Ministry of Health of the USSR approved the use of EHF therapy in clinical practice. The principles of EHF therapy are based on resonance interactions of water and human tissue because a coordinated management of cells and organs of the body is operated precisely on these EHF resonance frequencies. The resonance frequencies of molecular oscillations of the water and biological tissues of living organisms are in the millimeter range and coincide. EHF signals are generated from cell membranes. These signals accelerate different biochemical reactions and alter enzyme activity, reinforcing or weakening intercellular connections. The exposure of an organism to radiation of millimeter type of resonant frequencies produces a systemic therapeutic effect and non-specific normalization of the state of an organism. A low-intensity MMW exposure can change cell growth and proliferation rates, the activity of enzymes, the state of cell genetic apparatus, and the function of excitable membranes and peripheral receptors (Pakhomov, 2000). The Extremely High Frequencies (EHF) therapy demonstrated positive effects in many areas of application: treatment of nervous, endocrine, digestive, and other systems (Rojavin, 1998. Sinitsyn, 2000. Gapeyev, 2008. Usichenko, 2003, 2006).

## Bioresonance Therapy

Bio-resonance therapy (BRT) is based on the idea that every organ of the body, as well as pathogenic organisms such as bacteria or fungi, have its own specific frequency. By measuring body impedance at different frequencies it is possible to detect it, and, by sending another frequency, restore the normal functioning of the system. In other words, the idea behind this therapy is that unhealthy cells create electromagnetic waves that are notably different from healthy cells. A bio-resonance device can detect unhealthy wavelengths emitted by your body and emit a counter-balancing frequency to restore an individual's energetic balance.

Dr. Franz Morell, a German doctor, developed this principle in 1977, and his son-in-law, engineer Erich Rasche, invented a device that led to the technology we have today. Both developed the "MORA therapy" model, which was named after them (MOrell RAsche).  Now you can find on the market systems by different brand names, but the principle is the same. Russia and European countries have been pioneers in the production of bio-resonance machines.  Manufacturers of bio-resonance devices claim to use either electromagnetic waves or scalar waves. An important part of modern BRT devices is sophisticated software.

There are two parts to a bio-resonance system: input and output. Input reads energy wavelengths and output sends corrected energy wavelengths to improve the functionality of human organs. Some devices make an analysis of the body sample in the form of hair, nails, saliva, or even a photograph. Based on the results software creates a recipe to make homeopathy or nosode.

There are many anecdotal reports about the effectiveness of bio-resonance therapy, many people believe in this approach, and some clinical data (Galle, 2009. Muresan, 2021, 2022. Islamov, 2002. Nienhaus, 2006). Common conditions that bio-resonance therapy is used for include:

• Allergies

• Food intolerances

• Fatigue

• Eczema

• Smoking addiction

• Depression

• Fibromyalgia

• Rheumatoid arthritis

• Pain

• Stomach pain and digestive disorders

• Overtraining syndrome.

As we have noted, there is no scientific data on the presence of specific frequencies of individual body organs or of microorganisms. However, a prominent French scientist, Nobel laureate, Professor Luc Monatnier (1932-2022), has conducted experiments that suggest that this statement makes some sense. These data are so important that it must be highlighted.

Fig.25. The principle of Bio-resonance therapy.

(https://www.emwtherapy.com/discover-more).

## Water as receiver and transmitter of information

> Of course, we all know that water is transparent and has no taste, smell, or color. What’s amazing about water is that it is able to show us myriad “faces” depending upon the condition it is in or the information it is given.

> Masaru Emoto (1943-2014)

Luc Montagnier, a virologist, won the Nobel Prize in medicine in 2008 for his discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). He was a Professor at the Pasteur Institute in Paris and Director of Research at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS). After 2008, he completely changed the direction of scientific research. This has led to some surprising results that still cause fierce opposition in the fore.

Luc Montagnier’s story begins when he began to study the strange behavior of a small bacterium Mycoplasma pirum — a frequent companion of HIV, and like HIV, is a lover of human lymphocytes. Using filters of 100 nm and 20 nm, Montagnier tried to separate the bacterium—which are about 300 nm in size—from viral particles whose size, by filtration, is about 120 nm. Starting with pure cultures of the bacterium on lymphocytes, the filtrates were indeed sterile for the bacterium, when cultured on the rich cellular medium, SP4.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR adhesion—based on primers derived from a gene of M. pirum, which had previously been cloned and sequenced—were negative in the filtrate.  However, when the filtrate was incubated with human lymphocytes, (previously controlled for not being infected with the mycoplasma) the mycoplasma, with all its characteristics, regularly recovered! This raised the question: what kind of information could be transmitted in the aqueous filtrate?  This became the beginning point of a long-lasting investigation bearing on the physical properties of DNA in water. Indeed, a new property of M. pirum DNA was discovered: the emission of low-frequency waves in some water dilutions of the filtrate soon extended to other bacterial and viral DNAs.

A solenoid comprises the apparatus used to detect electromagnetic signals and captures the magnetic component of the waves produced by the DNA solution in a plastic tube converting the signals into an electric current. These currents are then amplified and finally analyzed in a laptop computer using specific software (Figure 26).

Fig. 26. This device is used for the capture and analysis of EM signals. (1) Coil made up of copper wire, impedance 300 Ohms. (2) Tube with plastic stopper containing 1 ml of the solution to be analyzed. (3) Amplifier. (4) Computer.

Following is a brief summary of the laboratory observations:

1) Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Waves (ULF 500−3000 Hz) were detected in certain dilutions of filtrates (100 nm, 20 nm) from cultures of microorganisms (virus, bacteria) or from the plasma of humans infected with the same agents (Figure 21). The same results were obtained from their extracted DNA.

2) The electromagnetic signals (EMS) are not linearly correlated with the initial number of bacterial cells before their filtration. In one experiment, the EMS became similar in suspension to the E. coli cells, varying from 109 down to 10. It‘s an all-or-nothing phenomenon.

Fig. 27. A graph showing typical signals from aqueous dilutions of M. pirum (Matlab software). Note the positive signals from D-7 to D-12 dilutions.

3) EMS is observed only in some high water dilutions of the filtrates. For example, from 10−9 to 10−18 dilutions are shown in some preparations of E. coli filtrates.

4) Some bacteria don’t produce EMS. This is the case of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and also of some laboratory strains of E. coli used as a cloning vector.

5) These studies have been extended to viruses, although not all the viral families have been explored. Similar EMS was detected from some exogenous retroviruses (HIV, FeLV), hepatitis viruses (HBV, HCV), and influenza A (in vitro cultures). The technical conditions for EMS induction are summarized by the following:

Use high dilutions in water—mechanically agitate (Vortex) between each dilution.

Excitation by the electromagnetic background of extremely low frequency (ELF), starts very low, at 7 Hz. The excitation is not induced when a mu-metal cage shields the system. The stimulation by the electromagnetic background of a very low frequency is essential. The background is either produced from natural sources (the Schumann resonances which start at 7.83 Hz) or from artificial sources.

A DNA sequence is transmitted through waves and water.

In further experiments, a fragment of HIV DNA, taken from its long terminal repeat (LTR), has been used as the DNA source. This fragment was amplified by PCR (487 base pairs) and nested PCR (104 base pairs) using specific primers. In the first step, DNA dilutions were made, in which the production of EMS under the ambient electromagnetic background was detected.

Then the following steps were taken. As shown in Figure 3, one of the positive dilutions (say 10−6) was placed in a container shielded by a 1 mm thick layer of mu-metal (an alloy absorbing ultra-low frequency waves). In its vicinity, another tube containing pure water was placed. The water content of each tube was filtered through 450 nm and 20 nm filters and diluted from 10−2 to 10−15.

The copper solenoid placed around them, receives a low intensity electric current produced by an external generator oscillating at 7 Hz. The produced magnetic field was maintained for 18 hours at room temperature. Then, EMS was recorded from each tube.

Now, also, the tube containing the water emits EMS at the dilutions corresponding to those positive for EMS in the original DNA tube. This result shows that, when achieving a 7 Hz excitation, the transmission into pure water of the oscillation of the nanostructures (initially originated from DNA) has been achieved. The following controls were found to suppress the EMS transmission in the water tube:

• Time of exposure of the two tubes (less than 16 − 18 hrs)

• Generator of magnetic field turned off.

• Frequency of excitation < 7 Hz.

At this point, the most critical step was undertaken—namely to investigate the specificity of the induced water nanostructures by recreating the DNA sequence from them. For this, all the ingredients to synthesize DNA by polymerase chain reactions (nucleotides, primers, polymerase) were added to the tube of signalized water. The amplification was performed in a thermo-cycler under classical conditions (35 cycles). The DNA produced was then submitted to electrophoresis in an agarose gel.

Fig. 28. A diagram for the transmission of DNA genetic information into water through electromagnetic waves.

The result was that a DNA band of the expected size of the original LTR fragment was detected. Further verified was the fact that this DNA had a sequence identical (or close to identical) to the original DNA sequence of the LTR. In fact, it was 98% identical (only a 2 nucleotide difference) out of 104. This experiment was found to be highly reproducible (12 out of 12) and was also repeated with another DNA sequence from the bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease (Montagnier, 2009).

It became clear that the water nanostructures and their electromagnetic resonance could faithfully perpetuate DNA information. These elements give support to a provocative explanation of our Mycoplasma Pirum Filtration experiment. The nanostructures induced by M. pirum DNA in the filtered water represent different segments of its genomic DNA. Each nanostructure, when in contact with the human lymphocytes, is retro-transcribed in the corresponding DNA by some cellular DNA polymerases.

Then, there is a certain probability (even very low) that each piece of DNA recombines within the same cell into other pieces for reconstructing the whole DNA genome. We have to assume that, in presence of the eukaryotic cells, the synthesis of the mycoplasma components (membrane lipids, ribosomes) can be also instructed by the mycoplasma DNA. One single complete mycoplasma cell is then sufficient to generate the whole infection of lymphocytes.

Recent experiments of the G. Vinter group have shown that a synthetic genomic DNA is sufficient to maintain all the characteristics of a mycoplasma. All the steps assumed in the regeneration from water can be analyzed and open to verification.

The Theoretical Framework

The above experimental observations fit into the physical view, which addresses biological dynamics as an interplay between chemical processes and em interactions; i.e., as an array of em-assisted biochemical reactions. The above experimental results were interpreted within the framework of a theory of liquid water based on the Quantum Field Theory developed by Italian physicist Emilio Del Giuidice (1940-2014) (Del Giuidice, 1988). Montagnier and Del Giuidice published several articles together. This theory is intrinsically non-linear. It provides tools suitable to describe a complex ensemble of processes, which are also non-linear.

In accordance with this theory, an electromagnetic signal is generated by the rotation of the plasma of quasi-free electrons of the coherent domains. DNA and the vast majority of proteins are poly-anions, so are structured water, and the cloud of positively charged ions—some of which have a cyclotron resonance frequency in the range of 1100 Hz surrounding them. Thus, when a magnetic field is applied, whose frequency corresponds to the frequency of cyclotron resonance of ions, these ions are shifted from their orbits. In particular, the role played by low em frequency in the background is understood by observing, that we need a resonant alternating magnetic field in order to load energy in the water, CDs.

In higher organisms, such as humans, this field can be produced by the nervous system. Elementary organisms, such as bacteria, use environmental fields. Good candidates are the Schumann modes of the geomagnetic field. These modes are the stationary modes produced by the magnetic activity (lightning or else) occurring in the shell whose boundaries are the surface of the Earth and the conductive ionosphere, which acts as a mirror wall for the wavelengths higher than several hundreds of meters.

Based on all this data, Montagnier proposed a number of ideas around the electromagnetic nature of various diseases. The list of diseases in which EMS have been found (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Multiple Sclerosis, various neuropathies, chronic Lyme syndrome, and Rheumatoid Arthritis), indicate clearly that their presence is not limited to diseases known to be of infectious origin. The fact that EMS has been found in diseases not known to be of an infectious origin is intriguing and leads us to seek bacterial or viral factors in these diseases.

Later on, they developed a method of photonic transmission of the DNA signal to distant laboratories. An EMS signal could be successfully detected, digitized, send by Internet, transformed into analog form, then applied to water (with electromagnetic field). After using a PCR reaction for some time, it was possible to detect initial DNA from pure water. This experiment was performed successfully from France to Italy.

Fig. 29. The principle of DNA signals transmission.

Luc Montagnier continued his scientific activities and participated in conferences until the last days of his long life. He created a new direction in science. His results have not been taken up by scientific establishment, but Montagnier's students and followers continue his work. The truth will eventually emerge, like grass through the asphalt.

## Magnetic Field Therapy

The biological effects of low-frequency magnetic fields have been the subject of extensive studies since they can penetrate deep into tissues [Funk, 2006, 2009]. It has been shown that low-frequency EMF can act at the cellular level affecting various cell functions, including cell proliferation and differentiation [Foletti, 2009], apoptosis [Santini, 2005], DNA synthesis [Litovitz, 1994], RNA transcription [Goodman, 1983], protein expression [Goodman, 1988], protein phosphorylation [Sun, 2001], ATP synthesis [Zrimec, 20], hormone production [Paksy, 2000], and metabolic activity [Milani, 2001]. It has been proposed that the initial interaction occurs outside the plasma membrane, but could also involve interactions with transmembrane proteins. Investigators concluded that the signal was likely being propagated and amplified through the intracellular signal transduction pathways. The impact of EMF on calcium channel protein has been reported many times [Shild, 2005].

The genes that encode ion channels are important because they produce the gradients that determine downstream cell behavior. Future advances in this work will fully integrate bioelectric cascades. Increased understanding of how these mechanisms work will lead directly to devices that stimulate cell treatment directly to the damaged region producing the bioelectromagnetic changes needed to repair and regenerate tissues. Low-frequency, low-intensity EMF was reported to be beneficial in reducing inflammation without potential side effects indicating its value for treating inflammatory responses. In living systems, from planarian flatworms to humans, mechanisms involved strongly suggest that therapeutic EMF applications stop inflammation first, then initiate healing [Ikehara, 2005].

## Static Magnetic Field therapies

A wide variety of health claims have been made for static magnetic field (SMF) therapies, and a large number of manufacturers currently sell magnets intended for therapeutic purposes (Markov, 2007. Colbert, 2009). Most SMF therapies use strong ceramic or neodymium permanent magnets placed on the skin surface or very near the body. Neodymium magnets struggle to achieve a field strength of 1.3 Tesla (13,000 Gauss), while the average MRI might have a field strength of 2-3 Tesla and the Earth’s magnetic field is around 0.00005 Tesla (0.5 Gauss).  Although the quality of published research varies greatly, blinded in vivo studies have reported a variety of clinical benefits for SMF exposures, including improvements related to post-suction lipectomy edema and pain; fibromyalgia pain and sleep disorders; chronic pelvic pain; pain, numbness, and tingling due to diabetic peripheral neuropathy; postpolio pain; and musculoskeletal pain. Other trials reported both positive short-term and negative long-term results on osteoarthritis knee pain and no effect on foot and chronic back pain. There are papers that prove that a combination of Photobiomodulation Therapy with Static Magnetic Field therapy (PBMT-SMF) has a higher positive effect than each technology separately (Aleixo-Junior, 2021).

Fig.30. The principle of SMT therapy.

(https://magnetrx.com/blogs/news/magnetic-therapy-jewelry-a-stylish-health-solution).

## Pulsed EMF Therapy

The original PEMF devices consisted of a Helmholtz coil which generated a magnetic field. A frequency generator is used to energize the coils to create a pulsed electromagnetic field. The patient's body was placed inside the magnetic field to deliver treatment. While PEMF is not a cure for any specific condition, it can support the body’s own self-healing and regenerative processes. Over 2,000 studies look at PEMF and areas such as arthritis, pain, circulation, and recovery of skin wounds. PEMF therapy has been shown to stop the pain, reduce swelling, and heal soft tissue and bone faster than normal. PEMF therapy increases and supports the production of ATP, particularly in highly metabolic tissue like the brain and muscle, making it perfect for sports injuries. PEMF can also support fractures, joint pain, and arthritis.  (Jerabeck, 1998. Galkovski, 2009. Pulsed… 2021).

## Pulsed Signal Therapy

Pulsed Signal Therapy (PST™) is based on the application of a very specific type of pulsed electromagnetic field to bones and adjacent tissues. The PST™ device generates a pure magnetic field output signal that employs direct current with unidirectional biological frequencies below 30 Hz. The “waveform” is quasi-rectangular with measured field strengths generally below 2 mT or 20 Gauss. The system is controlled through a pulsed unidirectional magnetic DC field with multiple output frequencies implemented via a free-wheeling diode to optimize the inductance characteristics. Various frequency/amplitude combinations are switched over automatically and are transmitted under continuous control during the treatment period. Induction of treatment takes place during the first 10 minutes at half strength followed by a combination of pulsed signals that deliver the therapy at full strength over the remaining 50 minutes. The normal stimulus for cartilage production and bone formation results from piezoelectric signals that generate a "streaming potential" in the extracellular matrix when skeletal structures are subjected to physical pressure.

PST has been used successfully all around the world by prominent professional athletes, amateur athletes, older people, and patients who have had their quality of life compromised by arthritis, back pain, osteoporosis, sports-type injuries, and repetitive strain injuries. It is not relevant whether the patient is old or young or whether the defect is a result of age, injury, chronic degeneration, or inflammatory disease. PST is effective nonetheless. View the full list of treatable conditions.

Studies and the treatment of thousands of patients have shown that over 83% of patients experience a reduction in pain and inflammation, combined with an increase in physical function. Some patients find themselves free of all symptoms following the treatment. Others find their symptoms greatly reduced. Many patients are able to reduce or even discontinue their pain medication. The biggest benefit for many patients is that PST can save them the expense, pain, and inherent risks of surgery. Because the signal delivered through the device is of a very low range (one one-thousandth of the energy of an MRI machine), PST is extremely safe.

Fig. 31.  Different types of  PST devices.

## Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a form of pulsed magnetic field therapy that uses a rapidly changing magnetic field to induce electric fields strong enough to stimulate cortical neurons and alter neuronal activity (Hallett, 2007). While TMS was initially used as an investigative tool in cognitive neuroscience (Walsh, 2000). A further inquiry has led to its clinical use as an FDA-cleared treatment for treatment-resistant depression. Now widely accepted as a noninvasive, low-cost method for brain stimulation, TMS has been reported to produce benefits for a wide variety of psychiatric conditions such as depression, acute mania, bipolar disorders, panic, hallucinations, obsessions/compulsions, schizophrenia, catatonia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and drug craving. TMS has also been studied as a treatment for neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, tics, stuttering, tinnitus, spasticity, epilepsy, stroke-related aphasia, and motor dysfunction and pain syndromes such as neuropathic pain, visceral pain, or migraine (Rossi, 2009). Several clinical studies are underway to evaluate the clinical utility of TMS for these indications, and a recent review has set forth evidence-based guidelines for TMS therapy and listed specific conditions for which current evidence is sufficient or insufficient to recommend treatment (Lefaucheur, 2014).

## Light Therapy

## Biophysical Mechanisms of Low Intensity Light Influence to Human Tissues

Korotkov K.G., Liberman J. I.

The use of light in medicine began in the middle of the 19th century and the results achieved have led to the widespread use of developed methods. One of the first Nobel Prizes in Medicine was awarded in 1903 to Danish doctor Niels Ryberg Finsen in recognition of his achievements in treating diseases — especially lupus tuberculosis — with concentrated light radiation. Many doctors in Europe and USA have successfully used light and chromotherapy to treat a variety of diseases. A new stage of development started in 1980th with the publishing of several groundbreaking works [Hollwich F. 1979. Dowling JE. 1987] and establishing the relationship between the lack of light and winter depression in Northern countries [Liberman J. 1991]. Since 1990, the penetration of light and chromotherapy into medicine has been widespread, and there are now more than ten thousand publications on the subject each year. Light therapy became an essential part of integrative medicine.

We can define two main biological pathways of light: visual optic pathway and non-visual pathway, i.e. direct influence of light on the skin. In this paper, we will not discuss the influence of light on the psychological and physiological condition of a person at the perception of light through sight. Thousands of works are devoted to this topic, and even a brief overview of the main results exceeds the volume of this book. We'll focus on the mechanisms of light influence on biological tissues.

Introduction

The mechanisms of light influence on biological tissues

Penetration of light into the skin strongly depends on wavelength. Most organic molecules display strong absorption in the ultraviolet region, so penetration in the UV is very weak (a few microns). In the visible range (blue, green and yellow), absorption is principally due to hemoglobin and melanin (Fig.32-33). These are the main targets and acting mechanisms of chromotherapy. Red and near infra-red (600 to 1200 nm) wavelengths are weakly absorbed and penetrate deeply into the tissue (this penetration is, however, limited by optical scattering). In the near and far infrared, it is water that absorbs intensely.

Fig. 32. Penetration of light into the skin.

Fig. 33. Absorption spectra of the main chromophores of the bio-tissue.

Light carries Energy. The energy effects of light:

• The main mechanism is the excitation of electrons and the creation of active molecules (free radicals).

• Excited molecules enhance metabolic processes.

• UV and blue rays are the most energetic.

• UV light is a strong antimicrobial agent.

Sunlight is a friend and an enemy.

• The main source of life.

• The main enemy of the skin

Fig. 34. Sunlight is the main source of life and the main enemy of the skin.

The thermal effect of light on biological tissue is the most well-known as a complex process resulting from two distinct phenomena: conversion of light to heat and transfer of heat and tissue reaction. This interaction leads to denaturation or to the destruction of a volume of tissue. The effect depends on the parameters of light (wavelength, power, time and mode of emission, beam profile, and spot size) and the tissue being treated (optical coefficients, thermal parameters, and coefficients of the reaction of thermal denaturation).

The informational role of light was discovered by the Russian scientist professor Alexander Gurvitsch (1874-1954) in 1927. He demonstrated that biological subjects (yeasts, sprouts, bacteria, etc.) emit weak ultraviolet photons. These photons may influence the activity of other biological subjects at a distance. He showed that this radiation is carried by ultraviolet quanta and called it "mitogenic radiation."

Fig. 35. The principle of the informational light influence.

In the second part of the XXth century, this discovery was confirmed by the German scientist Fritz Albert Popp (1938-2018). He was using very sensitive Single Photon Counters and developed a scientific line under the name biophotonics (Popp, 1994, 2002).  It was shown that a weak glow accompanies all chemical reactions involving free radicals. Own glow of cells and tissues is mainly caused by reactions of lipid peroxidation and reactions accompanying the interaction of nitrogen oxide and superoxide radical (O3-). Popp showed that all biological objects in the process of life emit photons in a broad spectrum of frequencies, from ultraviolet to visible light. (Obviously, heat is infrared radiation, and humans emit powerfully in the IR range. In the next chapter, we'll discuss thermal imaging applications in medicine).

Popp introduced the concept of "biophotons," which became widespread; although there are no special "biophotons," it is just a designation of photons spontaneously emitted by biological objects. Many research papers were published in this field (Cifra, 2014). Publications in the peer-reviewed literature over the last 50 years demonstrate that the use of “off-the-shelf” technologies and well-described methodologies for the detection of human photon emissions are being used on a regular basis in medical and research settings. The review concluded that the use of this approach for determining inflammatory and oxidative states supports the use of biophoton measurement as both a medical and research tool (Ives, 2014).

For low-intensity light therapy, we need to pay attention to subtle biophysical mechanisms. One of the keys may be the direct influence of light on mitochondria, the energy-producing engine of life. Light of specific frequencies in the wide range from 400 to 820 nm influence one of the last links in the mitochondrial respirator6-y chain that is driven by the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase [Fulop, A.M., 2010]. This led to the establishment of the scientific and practical line under the name of photobiomodulation. Different conditions for which this therapy has shown positive outcomes include pain relief, inflammation, and wound healing. This therapy has been extended to the treatment of more severe conditions such as stroke, myocardial infarctions, neurodegenerative disorders, and traumatic brain injury. [Saltmarche A.E., 2017. Peplow P.V. 2010 ].

Very important, that the effect of light depends largely on the initial state of living tissue. Healthy cells already in an optimal state react less, whereas it is mostly cells that are sick or in need of oxygen that is stimulated. This highly beneficial system of autoregulation also tends to re-establish the acid-based equilibrium of the cells.

Several mechanisms of the light influence may be related to water and first of all to the oxygen transport by capillaries. It was shown that this process is more efficient under the influence of light of the infrared (IR) spectra [Pollack J. 2015]. Jerald Pollack demonstrated that water adjacent to hydrophilic surfaces — such as capillary walls, surfaces of biopolymers, other hydro-gels, cell membranes, etc. — differ in their dissolving properties from water in the main volume.

Under certain conditions, the thickness of this zone reaches hundreds of microns. Pollack proved that this “Exclusion Zone (EZ) water” has an aqueous nature, and the properties of water that build it are different in many respects from the properties of bulk water and “usual” aqueous solutions. He has demonstrated that EZ water reacts to light. When illuminated, the size of EZ increases. The strongest effect occurred under the influence of infrared radiation. As we understand, this mechanism offers a powerful additional factor for explaining the effects of IR radiation on biological organisms (fig.24).

Fig.36. Activation of the EZ zone in water by IR light radiation.

The above data can be summarized by indicating the main mechanisms of light influence in different spectral ranges:

> • in the near UV range this is primarily an energy effect,

> • in the visible range it is mainly an information effect, both through vision and skin,

> • in near IR and IR it is a molecular effect.

In many cases, we may use both laser and LED light, but in all therapeutic applications, it is low-intensity radiation.

A comprehensive understanding of the biophysical mechanisms of light influence on the biological tissues allows the development of new methods of integrative treatment and use for the benefit of patients. Using light for the analysis of the psychophysiological state of people and evaluation of their response to the therapy (www.bio-well.com) opens up new horizons for the implementation of light into wide medical practice.

We are Light Beings and our life is based on Light.

Light Influence on Physiology

• Light influences the pineal gland responsible for the production of melatonin synchronizing circadian rhythms with the environment.

• Light modulates autonomic and neuroendocrine responses, as well as influences cognitive processes, such as attention, excitation, and performance.

• The primary molecular mechanism of light action is the modulation of cytochrome and oxidase activity in mitochondria.

• Light has a stronger effect on diseased, sick, damaged, or stressed cells, and few effects on healthy cells.

• Optimal doses of 3 J/cm2 increase ATP production, intercellular calcium, ROS, and NO. However, if the dose is increased beyond the optimum value, then the effect is reversed.

Main Effects of Light of different frequencies:

• Anti-inflammation,

• Anti-oxidant,

• Pain relief,

• Immuno-modulation.

• Red and orange: invigorates, and increases blood pressure. Face lifting/treatment and rehabilitation after polishing, peeling, and plastic surgery.

• Yellow: Removal of pigment spots.

• Green: relaxing effect, relieves visual tension, normalizes blood pressure, reduces itching and swelling, fights allergies, hydration, and improvement of texture.

• Blue: relaxes and inhibits mental processes, acne, and rosacea treatment.

• Purple: helps with lupus treatment (skin diseases).

• White light: Anti-stress and enhancement of other treatments.

Laser and Diffused (LED) lights

Both diffused light and laser light are electromagnetic waves. Diffused light is a mixture of electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths. Laser light is monochrome. Diffused light is non-directional and inconsistent, while laser light shows a directional and highly consistent distribution. Laser light is a focused beam in which all photons move at the same wavelength and in the same direction. Laser lights are spectrally pure. Diffused light, on the other hand, is a wide spectrum of light that moves irregularly at different wavelengths. Sunlight, fluorescent light bulbs, and incandescent light bulbs are diffused light sources. According to theories, any object with a temperature higher than absolute zero (0 Kelvin) emits electromagnetic radiation. This is the basic concept used in incandescent bulbs.

The term laser is an abbreviation for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.

The coherence length of ordinary light is only a few meters. Laser light can travel hundreds of meters without being scattered. Since ordinary light is diffused, it cannot focus on a sharp point. Laser light can focus on a point with high-intensity thanks to its directional structure.

The intensity of ordinary light decreases rapidly with distance. For this reason, you can look at the ordinary light source without harming the eyes. In contrast, laser light is emitted in a narrow beam. Since the energy is concentrated in a very narrow area, looking at the laser light with the naked eye can damage the eye.

Fig. 37. Main properties of laser light.

Fig.38. Analogy of the diffused and laser light: people walking on the street and military regiment on parade.

Both LED and laser lights have wide areas of medical applications.

## Main areas and examples of light applications in medicine

• Photoinduced isomerization.

• Intramolecular transformation of organic compounds consisting in changing the structure of molecules. Therapy of newborns with blue light.

• Photoinduced dissociation.

• Treatment of inflammations.

• Biostimulation.

• Surgery.

• Dentistry.

• Ophthalmology.

• Cosmetology.

Let us look at some of the applications.

Infrared (IR) light therapy. Infrared therapy is widely used in the fields of medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and autoimmune diseases, to name a few. The therapy is safe and natural, which enables it to be offered as an alternative treatment for various health conditions like muscle pain, joint stiffness, and arthritis, to name a few. These include detoxification, pain relief, reduction of muscle tension, relaxation, improved circulation, weight loss, skin purification, lowered side effects of diabetes, boosting of the immune system, and lowering of blood pressure. There are many devices on the market both professional and for home use, based on IR therapy (https://www.news-medical.net/health/Infrared-Therapy-Health-Benefits-and-Risks.aspx).

Newborn jaundice treatment. Blue light is used in maternity hospitals for the treatment of jaundice in newborns. This disease is caused by a sudden increase in bilirubin, which gives the skin a yellowish tint. Bilirubin is continuously formed from hemoglobin in all people and is eliminated from the blood with the help of the liver. In adults, the normal content of bilirubin in the blood is 1 mg%, and in newborns ∼20 mg%.

This is due to the fact that in the first days of life, there is a lack of the enzyme glucuronyl transferase, which converts blood bilirubin into a water-soluble glucuronic acid conjugate. Bilirubin is poorly soluble in water and well soluble in fat, so it is deposited in large quantities in the brain tissue, which leads to irreversible changes in the central nervous system, making the person incomplete. Bilirubin has maximum absorption in the blue region of the spectrum.

If newborn infants are illuminated with blue light, photoisomerization of bilirubin with the formation of water-soluble photoproducts takes place directly in the blood vessels. This way the pathological consequences of hyperbilirubinemia are photochemically eliminated.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising treatment of cancer and other diseases utilizing the activation of an external chemical agent, called a photosensitizer or PDT drug, by light. This drug is administered either intravenously or topically to the malignant site as in the case of certain skin cancers. Then the light of a specific wavelength, which can be absorbed by the PDT photosensitizer, is applied. The PDT drug absorbs this light, producing reactive oxygen species that can destroy the tumor. The key steps involved in photodynamic therapy (Fig. 39) (Prasad, 2003):

• Administration of the PDT drug.

• Selective longer retention of the PDT drug by the malignant tissue.

• Delivery of light, generally laser light, to the malignant tissue site.

• Light absorption by the PDT drug produces highly reactive oxygen species that destroy cancer cells with minimal damage to surrounding healthy cells.

• Clearing of the drug after PDT to reduce sunlight sensitivity.

In the case of cancer in an internal organ such as a lung, light is administered using a minimally invasive approach involving a flexible fiber-optic delivery endoscopic system.

Fig.39. The principle of photodynamic therapy.

Applications of photodynamic therapy (Tampa, 2019)

• Cancer Therapy.

• Cardiovascular (e.g., an alternative to angioplasty).

• Chronic skin diseases [e.g., psoriasis (in development)].

• Autoimmune (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis).

• Macular degeneration.

• Antibacterial (wound healing, oral cavity).

• Antiviral (blood products, warts).

• Endometriosis.

• Precancerous conditions: carcinoma in-situ and severe dysplasia.

• Barrett’s; actinic keratoses (AK); cervical dysplasia; and so on.

Intravenous laser blood irradiation was first introduced into therapy by the Soviet scientists EN. Meschalkin and VS. Sergiewski in 1981. After many years of research and experience, a lot of other efficient In the years after, many, and for the most part Russian studies showed that helium-neon laser had various effects on many organs and on the hematologic and immunologic system. Besides clinical research and application for patients, the cell biological basis was developed by the Estonian cell biologist Tiina Karu (2000).

Treatment of cardiovascular diseases, improvement of microcirculation, and reduction of the area of infarction have been proven. Further, a reduction of dysrhythmia and sudden cardiac death was achieved. [Momenzadeh, 2015].  A fundamental finding was the positive influence on the rheological properties of the blood which is of greatest interest to surgery, angiology, and cardiology in particular [Bodenburg, 2007]. A diminishing tendency of aggregation of thrombocytes and improved deformability of erythrocytes result in an improved oxygen supply and with that a decrease of partial carbon dioxide pressure, which is particularly relevant to wound healing. Furthermore, the activation of phagocytic activity of macrophages was proved in conjunction with structural modifications. A positive effect on the proliferation of lymphocytes and B- and T-cell-subpopulations could be verified too.

The hypoxia of the tissue is decreased which leads to a normalization of the tissue metabolism. In addition, the fibrinolysis will be activated, and an increase of ATP-synthesis occurs with normalization of cell membrane potential. Additional vasodilatation is leading to the de-blocking of capillaries and collateral vessels in connection with the described improved rheological properties of the blood together with an improved trophicity of tissues and normalization of neurosensory stimulation. The increased release of NO from monocytes obviously is of critical importance. Because of the described effects, intravascular blood irradiation is used in some surgical university clinics preoperatively to avoid thromboembolic complications and improve postoperative wound healing. In addition, there are laser-specific analgesic, spasmolytic, and sedative effects.

There are reports on patients with chronic glomerulonephritis who had significant improvement in tolerability of medication (glucocorticoids. cytostatic drugs, diuretics) and of kidney function. In the same way, an improvement of inflammation parameters in acute pyelonephritis could be shown. In necrotizing pancreatitis, an improvement of blood lab values and of the immunological parameters has been proved too.  Intravenous blood irradiation is widely used in obstetrics and gynecology to stimulate uteroplacental blood exchange and as prophylaxis and therapy of inflammations of the interior genitals.

Cutaneous photo perception

In the sixties, the French physician Paul Nogier (1908-1996), the developer of auricular medicine, discovered the phenomenon of cutaneous photo perception. The skin is sensitive to certain frequencies of light and the body reacts to them as if it would be spoken in its own language. Nogier discovered seven fundamental frequencies, as the seven musical notes or colors of the rainbow. Based on Nogier ́s discoveries, a group of Spanish researchers, led by Fernando Sanchez, developed a new system of frequencies applying fractal math and golden number series.

Sessions of frequencies developed by this have shown effective to balance the nervous system, bringing it to a relaxation state. When a frequency is needed, the body system is emitted, and a self-balance process occurs. Light pulses seem to resonate with an informational bio-field with the following features: minimum energy consumption, coherence, fractality, photo perception, syntropy, and intelligent design. (www.biocomlux.com).

To apply the frequencies they use laser light with a tiny amount of energy that has no physiological effect. The internal mechanisms of self-regulation are activated only if the body recognizes the frequency emitted as related information. The effect of light is very fast. Most often the person receiving the session immediately notices changes. And this is not because biocommunication has any physiological effect, but because when the body receives adequate information it is regulated by the intelligence of the system.

Fig.40. Application of Biocom lights.

A very efficient approach was developed by Zepter company (www.bioptron.com). It is based on several Nobel prize discoveries. The Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded in 1996 to Sir Harold W. Kroto, Robert F. Curl, and Richard E. Smalley for discovering C60 as a Fibonacci structure – icosahedral entity. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2011 was awarded to Dan Shechtman for discovering a periodic icosahedral phase transition process and structures (quasicrystals) by Fibonacci’s Law (quasicrystals are also known as Fibonacci crystals since they naturally arrange according to the Golden Ratio).

When diffuse light (emitted by a halogen bulb), collides/ interacts with the Brewster's optical unit, it reflects and becomes a Vertically Linearly Polarized Light (VLPL). When such VLPL passes through the Hyperlight Optics®, it interacts with C60 (integrated into the optics), which twists at 18 billion times per second. As a result of VLPL interactions with twisting C60, VLPL photons change their orientation: a. the 20 hexagons in C60 obtain the Faraday’s effect (the plane of photon polarization rotates in hexagons), and b. the 12 pentagons in C60 obtain the Fibonacci-sequential effect (the plane of photon polarization rotates and twists in all directions in pentagons). Thus, the photons’ electrical plane of polarization changes position step-by-step, from Vertically Linearly Polarized Light (VLPL) into Hyperpolarized Light that has circular left and right polarization and Linearly Vertical and Horizontal polarization (“sunflower photons pattern”).

This unprecedented, perfectly-ordered Hyperpolarized Light, called Quantum Hyperlight, with its unique photon pattern, arranged by the Fibonacci Law, is the ideal energy structure/symmetry that is fully compatible with our biostructures (https://www.bioptron.com/how-it-works/bioptron-hyperlight-therapy/). On this site, you can find a lot of published clinical studies on the efficiency of polarized light.

Fig.41. The principle of the Bioptron light system.

Light therapy became an important part of Integrative medicine. Both laser and LED sources are used in this field with high efficiency. There are many companies in different countries (mostly, German, Russia, and South Korea) that produce equipment for this therapy, and in every center of Integrative Medicine is obligatory to use Light therapy.

## Sound Music Therapy

From the ancient times, music was an essential part of human life. Wild tribes in Africa and Amazonia played drums; and in Egyptian and Greek paintings we see dancing girls; European civilization created sophisticated instruments and made music an obligatory part of our life. Music is the frequency of the air vibrations – we can hear frequencies from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, but our body responds to a much wider range.

But there are big differences between sound and EMF. Sound – it is the vibration of air, and the propagation of sound depends on the environment. Under the water sound propagates with difficulty. In the Cosmos there are no sounds. Concert halls are built using scientific principles of acoustics, which take into consideration the shape of a hall and the material of the walls. That is why comprehension of live music in a concert hall or in an Opera house is always more impressive than any recording.

Music’s influence extends beyond human beings. Many farmers claim that cows that listened to Mozart or songs like "Everybody Hurts" by REM and Simon & Garfunkel’s "Bridge Over Troubled Water" produced three percent more milk than a control group. Cows that listened to more sonically abrasive tunes like rap and techno songs showed no increase in milk production.

Now, sound and music therapy has become a part of the integrative medicine process. Music therapy, the clinical and evidence-based use of musical sounds to meet therapeutic goals, has been shown to promote wellness, manage stress, alleviate pain, enhance emotional expression and memory, improve communication, and promote physical rehabilitation (Gregory, 2002. Coppola, 2015).

## Infrasound Therapy

A number of devices use sound, both within and outside of the audible range for humans. Infrasound is low-frequency sound with frequencies below 20 Hz, which is the limit of “normal” human hearing. Testing in hospitals and research laboratories found that Infrasound is effective for increasing vitality, accelerating healing, and strengthening immune function (Chevalier, 2012. Fry, 1958). One such form of infrasound therapy was used in a research project in Beijing, China, in which natural healers were studied. It was reported that some healers were able to emit a strong chaotic low-frequency sound signal from their hands.

Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation

Ultrasound (US), while best known for its uses in medical imaging, has also been used as a noninvasive means of modulating neuronal activity, and medical imaging studies have elucidated the manner in which the US is able to propagate through bone and other tissues. Transcranial ultrasound (TUS) is a noninvasive neuromodulatory technique that may be useful for the treatment of mental health and neurological disorders  (Gavrilov, 1976, Tufall, 2011. Arendash, 2011. Bystritsky, 2008. Tyler, 2008).

Clinical studies have found improvement in subjective mood, suggesting TUS may be a promising noninvasive therapy for treating mental health conditions. TUS works through the placement of US transducers directly upon the scalp. One significant advantage of TUS is its spatial resolution and depth of penetration, which are superior to those of TMS [Tufail, 2011. Hameroff, 2013]. In early experiments, typical ultrasound frequencies and intensities ranged from 1 to 7 MHz, and 1 to 800 W/cm2. These were found to be sufficient to destroy some nervous system tissues, leading to the development of low-intensity, low-frequency ultrasound (LILFU) techniques, using lower frequencies and intensities of approximately 0.5 MHz and 3 W/cm2.

In a manner perhaps analogous to effects observed for weak EMFs, LILFU techniques may thus reveal a regime of neuronal sensitivity operating at energy levels below those previously believed to yield bioeffects. In addition to effects on ion channels, it has been suggested that TUS may also act on intra-neuronal microtubules involved in synaptic plasticity, with relevance to learning, memory, and conscious experience [Craddock, 2012]. Recent clinical studies have reported improvement in mood in chronic pain patients, suggesting promise for TUS as a noninvasive treatment for pain management and perhaps depression (Hameroff, 2013).

## Medical Resonance Therapy Music

Medical Resonance Therapy Music® originated from Peter Hubner in Germany using the theory of resonance for applications in clinical settings by his multidisciplinary team of professionals. The sonic (20–2000 Hz) and subsonic frequency (0.034–5 Hz) of resonance music is best delivered through headphones with ear muffs in an undisturbed environment for 20 minutes or more twice a day. Therapeutic music synchronizes with cellular physiological rhythm, restores neuro-hormonal balance, and rekindles the body's ability to auto-healing. It helps in restoring different physiological functions, including the nervous, circulatory, digestive, and endocrine systems have their own rhythms. With the appropriate frequency of music, users enter a state of relaxation that guides the body to adjust its pace to deal with stress, insomnia, anxiety, migraine headache, hypertension, hormonal and immune disorders, and other clinical problems [Bradt, 2015. Batista, 2022. Sidorenko, 2000].  Patients can buy Medical Resonance Therapy Music® CDs from pharmacies based on physician prescriptions for 18 types of common medical symptoms and problems.

Medical Resonance Therapy Music® should not be overlooked as its new developments have already expanded to Chinese Medicine like “acu-music” (music of different Meridians), Chiropractic practice (music for Spine-health), Ayurvedic Medicine (music of Chakras energy centers), mindfulness-based meditation (music of meditation) and education (whole brain nurture, creativity, and intelligence).

## Neuro-acoustic Therapy

Neuro-acoustic therapies use sound to modulate brain activity and are reported to affect sympathetic-parasympathetic balance and synchronize the activity of the right and left brain hemispheres.  Dr. Jeffrey Thompson has been the most prominent pioneer of neuro-acoustic therapy. His research has led to the development of protocols for using sound to modulate brain activity, affect sympathetic–parasympathetic balance, and synchronize the activity of the right and left brain hemispheres. He has applied these methods to promote stress reduction, cardiovascular disease prevention, management of depression, and a host of other conditions. His work with neuro-acoustics is very different from other forms of music therapy. It is not about facilitating a patient’s musical self-expression, nor does it use music as a palliative intervention. It involves the direct application of specific sound combinations — unique to each patient to entrain beneficial physiologic responses.

(https://centerforneuroacousticresearch.com).

Starting in the 1950s, another type of neuro-acoustic device technology was developed by Robert Monroe and the Monroe Institute. Based upon early observations of binaural beat phenomena (BBP) — when two pure tones of slightly different frequencies are presented to each ear, the brain perceives the phase difference between these signals as a wavering sound — the Monroe Institute developed technology intended to induce particular neurological states using BBP. Subsequent developments by the Monroe Institute were built upon observations that anomalous states of consciousness could be achieved through exposure to BBP [250], and that such changes had relevance to alterations in brain function and oxygen saturation during religious ceremonies [251]. BBP technology has also been found to alter theta-band EEG activity and hypnotic susceptibility [252] and affect vigilance and mood (www.monroeinstitute.org).

## Tomatis method

The Tomatis® Method, developed by the French Doctor and Researcher, Alfred Tomatis (1920-2001) is a natural approach to neurosensory stimulation. Its listening programs change the music and voice in real-time in order to capture the brain’s attention and to develop motor, emotional and cognitive skills. Many personalities requested to be seen by Alfred Tomatis. The Tomatis® Method operates through a single handheld device called TalksUp®. It has been specifically designed to treat music and the voice based on specific parameters. The switch is a unique non-invasive procedure that allows sound contrasts with the sudden transition from low frequency to high frequencies. This back and forth between low and high frequencies causes a major effort of adjustment from the ear and creates a stimulation of the brain.

During sessions called "passive,” clients are listening to music with a headset that transmits sound through earphones (air conduction) but also by bone vibration (bone conduction). During the "active" sessions, clients are reading and rehearsing exercises through the same headset, equipped with a microphone. This time it is the voice that is instantly processed to work on the auditory feedback loop.

According to Tomatis (1991):

> The human ear supplies a large part of cortical energy. It intervenes in a proportion of 60% in relation to other sensory organs. If we add to this the responses of the skin, whose sensory functions are phylogenetically linked to the auditory function, and if we also consider the sensory-muscular and sensory-articulatory responses, which arise from differentiated sensors that share their auditory origin, we reach a percentage of 90% as regards the energy attributed to the cochleo-vestibular apparatus, which is a considerable figure.

Tomatis also pointed out the importance of one’s own voice as a recharge source. The richness and harmonics offered by good radio announcers attract the audience’s attention and at the same time activate the speaker’s own nervous system. Depending on the quality of their voice, people can get either tired or exultant after talking: an effect that can last for several hours

In the Tomatis audio-vocal courses, he taught people how to emit “energizing” sounds with their mouth shut: a kind of humming sound that causes a vibration in the cranium, like a resonator. It is a good exercise to send energy to the brain and keep it fit. Similar techniques, same as different types of sound, have been used by Ayurvedic medicine for centuries. Now it is recommended to schizophrenics that they reduce their auditory hallucinations by saturating the brain with internal stimuli (Alos, 2020).

In many clinics of integrative medicine, they use Tomatis Method to help people with neurological problems, especially children with delayed speech and language, auditory processing challenges, attention deficit and hyperactive behavior, dyslexia, apraxia, and autism (Mojs, 2017. Nel, 2005. Bonthuys, 2017).  Many artists and singers use Tomatis method to resolve voice problems (Stillitano, 2017). Among them, was Maria Callas, at the height of her fame, who came twice to "put her voice back."  A lot of materials may be found on the website of Tomatis Society (www.tomatis.com).

Fig. 42.   Influence of a Sound on the human ear.

(https://www.listening4learning.com/).

## Combination of several methods

The practice of using therapeutic devices has shown that it is very effective to combine several therapeutic methods in one device. Modern technology provides a wide range of possibilities for this. Here are a few examples.

The device, Cyma® 1000, delivered five acoustic frequencies, 900- 1300 Hz, chosen for arterial support. The array of eight static magnets, seated in and around the diaphragm, were permanent neodymium magnets. The field strength of the magnets had a surface magnetic induction of 2000 Gauss peak or 200 mT. Studies demonstrated a significant decrease in inflammation in areas of peripheral vascular disease inflammatory, and a significant decrease in dependent edema as well (Bauer, 2008).

Life Vessel Therapy

The life vessel is an FDA-cleared, Class II medical device employing therapeutic modalities associated with vibration, sound, and light, for which five patents have been granted. Additionally, it utilizes an IR light source to facilitate an increase in both blood circulation and oxygen levels, while the simultaneous combination of vibration, light, and sound produces a profound relaxing effect. Relaxation provides benefits to the body that include higher energy levels, improved sleep, stronger cognitive abilities, enhanced immune function, and the ability of an individual to reduce stress.

## Cosmetology

One of the fields of medicine most actively using quantum medicine methods is modern cosmetology. At any large cosmetology conference, several halls are occupied by different devices and apparatuses. Many of the above methods are used in modern cosmetology centers, so I have highlighted this area in a separate section.

In cosmetology, practically all existing types of lasers are used. They can be classified according to several characteristics. First of all, according to the aggregate state of the active medium, they can be divided into the following large groups:

• Gas.

• Solid state.

• Liquid.

• Diode.

The most common gas laser used in cosmetology is CO2 laser. Solid-state lasers include ruby, Nd:YAG, KTP, Er: YAG, and alexandrite lasers. Dye lasers are most often referred to as liquid lasers. Diode lasers can only be divided by wavelength.

Depending on the wavelength and power of the radiation, the laser beam penetrates to different depths into the skin and has different effects. Depending on the task at hand, the doctor chooses the type of laser, its power, and exposure time. For example, a high-power gas laser is used for:

• smoothing out skin irregularities;

• wrinkle smoothing;

• removal of scars, scars, age spots, and stretch marks;

• work with skin neoplasms.

Diode laser is commonly used for laser hair removal and varicose vein disease treatment due to the fact that the laser beam promotes the heating of the pigment located in epidermal cells, which leads to its destruction.

Aseptic inflammation occurs in the zone of action of neodymium solid-state laser, which creates conditions for the formation of collagen and elongation of its fibers, revascularization of tissues occurs, and the number of new fibroblasts increases. It is used for the following procedures:

• depigmentation of tattoos and permanent makeup;

• removal of xanthelasmas, age spots, and other pigmentation;

• removal of birthmarks (black, red, purple, brown);

• skin rejuvenation.

The ruby and alexandrite laser beams have strong absorption in melanin and black and blue ink pigments. Therefore, this laser is applicable for tattoo removal, laser hair removal, and removal of age spots and body hair.

Figure 43. The laser beam destroys the pigment molecules of the tattoo without damaging the surface of the skin. It is a painful procedure that must be repeated many times to achieve the effect.

Ultrasound with a frequency of 22 kHz to 3 MHz is no less actively used in cosmetology. The sound wave performs both massage and healing functions; it smooths the skin, increases the permeability of cell membranes, improves metabolism and microcirculation, and, importantly, stimulates the nervous system. Ultrasonic peeling is based on the phenomenon of cavitation, which involves the formation of pulsating air bubbles in the liquid, the contact medium applied to the skin. Through vibration and pressure, the bubbles swell and quickly burst, breaking up dead epidermal cells.

Ultrasonic therapy in cosmetology accelerates the absorption of active ingredients through the epidermis. It can also nourish the skin with substances that normally would not penetrate well, such as peptides and vitamins, and greatly improves the process of tissue respiration, stimulates metabolism, and provides vibrational fluid movement so that nutrients reach the deeper layers of the dermis. This effect of ultrasound in cosmetology is called phonophoresis.

After a properly performed procedure, patients usually see an immediate effect.

The electrical methods in cosmetology include microcurrent therapy, galvanization (low-voltage current), and darsonvalization (exposure of the skin to alternating current pulses).

As you can see, almost all methods of quantum medicine are used in beauty medicine. Thanks to these procedures, people look dozens of years younger. With a dramatic increase in life expectancy, people at 60 and 70 can feel and look great, also thanks to the methods of modern cosmetology.

## Part 4. Home Self-Care versus Health-Care

The task of modern medicine is to deal with acute illnesses. When stroke, heart attack, appendicitis, cholelithiasis, and even cancer occur, modern medicine has an arsenal of sophisticated devices and chemicals at its disposal. Not to mention surgery, which works wonders. But when it comes to chronic illness, stress, anxiety, and depression, things are much worse. Patients sit for hours at the doctor's office, and they are prescribed medications that they have to take for life, but optimal health is no longer achievable. In addition, many drugs turn out to be toxic, the body stops responding to them, the doses have to be increased, and it turns out to be a race in a circle.

So, what can we do? The answer is: take care of your own health. To transform from Health-Care to Self-Care.

Now it is quite clear what you have to do to stay healthy at any age. All integrative medicine is devoted to solving this problem. Body - Mind - Soul medicine. But all the recommendations even of the most brilliant doctor will not give the result if the man himself will not make the effort.

Heal yourself — this is the basic principle. Proper nutrition, reasonable physical activity, clear thoughts, suppression of stress, and current anxiety. The body is a self-regulating system that seeks balance with the environment — homeostasis — with minimal energy expenditure. The main thing is to stay on course and to periodically correct abnormalities that arise. It's not easy to switch to a healthy lifestyle, but it's possible. And it is worth it.

Modern home medicine devices can aid you in this process.

Today there are a number of simple, non-invasive smart medical devices commonly available on the markets that are seeing increased market penetration. Some of them are familiar to everyone. First of all, it is a digital blood pressure meter (Sphygmomanometer) used by millions of people and an equally popular digital glucose meter. Another important medical device for those who are having kids and adults at home or those who are having respiratory-related health issues is a Nebulizer. This medical device will help to deliver medicine to the airways. This is a lifesaver for those who have COPD or asthma. With the help of oxygen, the solution is broken down into aerosol droplets and the person using the device is going to inhale it.

If you are having people with congestive heart failure, COPD, asthma, or any kind of pulmonary disease, then Pulse Oximeter is one of the important medical devices you will need at home. This is a very small and lightweight device that can help in checking the oxygen saturation levels in the blood.

Devices such as pulse oximeters, which measure heart rate and blood oxygen levels, have seen a particularly high spike in sales during the past years as a result of the global Covid-19 pandemic. They are a useful tool for many conditions, and can digitally report the results to healthcare providers, although there is some debate as to their usefulness regarding Coronavirus.

Even the bathroom scale can do a lot more than shame you into easing back on the pizza these days. Scales like QuardioBase watches not just your weight but also your body fat, body mass index (BMI), water makeup, muscle mass and water/bone composition. The scale pairs with an app that features several modes, including Pregnancy, where you can choose to bypass your weight every time you step on the scale — but it will still record the value to share with your doctor (quardio.com).

Fig.44. Typical home-use medical diagnostic devices.

In recent decades, "smart" watches have become widespread, measuring heart rate, temperature, the number of steps taken during the day, and keeping a schedule of exercises and workouts. In terms of functionality, these devices are about measuring and monitoring various vital signs of the user, providing warnings when levels become too high or too low, and, in some cases, providing the data to professional healthcare professionals through digital channels. Naturally, many of these functions are embodied in modern phones.

Remote Temperature Monitoring (RTM), as part of an active treatment for the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), has demonstrated the potential to reduce the risk of amputations and limb loss. Preventing these wounds and ulcers is essential for preventing amputation in this vulnerable patient population.

Less common, but increasing in numbers are even higher functioning smart medical devices that can support actual treatment outside of the hospital / clinical environment. These are typically used by patients with chronic diseases and are being developed by medical device manufacturers to manage the dosing and administering of drugs. These devices can digitally and physically support patients with specific drug treatments remote from clinical environments utilizing wearable devices that monitor activity and vital signs and dispense the drugs accordingly. All of this data can be tracked, stored, and monitored by relevant healthcare professionals who can make any required adjustments to dosage remotely with digital or online consultation.Now we can find hundreds of Virtual Care Apps for home health care and their amount is growing constantly (fig. 45).

Fig.45. Virtual Care Apps.

Fig. 46. The principle of Internet-based home health care monitoring and analysis system.

Phone and computer apps all the time collect data on your preferences and interests. Artificial intelligence can give recommendations: what to eat today, how to exercise, what to buy, and where to go in the evening.  Artificial intelligence more and more determines your preferences and dictates how to live and what to do. This is just the beginning, there is more to come.

But let's not discuss this sad topic, let's see what other useful devices you can use at home without going to the doctor.

## Anti-stress therapy

In modern Western society, stress, anxiety, and depression have become one of the most pressing topics. The anxious political situation, rising prices, natural disasters, and the pressure of mass media propaganda — all cause anxiety, and uncertainty about the future. The world is changing, far from being for the better, and we do not know what else it may lead to. Compared to the present time, the twentieth century, with all its twists and turns, seems like a calm, quiet backwater.

Stress affects all organs and systems of the body, and when stress develops into chronic anxiety, it is a complete change in mental and physiological functioning. A person stops sleeping normally, if dreams are nightmares; he or she becomes irritable, the environment ceases to be pleasant, and the day passes like a fog. People stop smiling at each other, walk gloomy, with downcast eyes, and when they come home, turn on the TV, which only aggravates the condition. This is a major disease of the 21st century.

A number of devices have been developed to help in these situations, based on the principles discussed earlier, but designed specifically for home use. We do not set out to make an overview of this market, only to note the main directions.

A large number of devices use light, mostly LEDs. Most devices use a combination of LEDs of different colors that can be switched by a special program, either with buttons on the device itself or from a cell phone app.

Relaxation, meditation, learning, peak performance, stress reduction, and deeper sleep; are just a few reasons why so many individuals worldwide are discovering the benefits of the PHOTOSONIX Audio Visual Stimulation (AVS) devices, or Light and Sound machines. Also known as “Mind machines” these devices can gently guide your mind into desired states, such as helping you relax, sleep better, reach meditative states more quickly… and more. Whether you are a long-time follower of neurotechnology or are just discovering its powerful possibilities, the many choices in the PHOTOSONIX products with a variety of features offer a quality experience. For many of us with stress in our lives, Light/Sound synthesizers have made it easier to reach that elusive few minutes of calm. (http://www.photosonix.com/)

Another example of light glasses is the Galax glasses which have 5 red LEDs. They are designed to be used with closed eyes. Galax glasses send sets of light pulses to the brain through the optical nerve (weak LED light). These pulses are programs of frequencies that resonate with different areas of the brain: Instinctive, emotional, rational, and corpus callosum, leading them to balance. Somehow is like a reset of the brain. These biological programs release the stress in a few minutes leading to a parasympathetic state. Cell regeneration processes need the parasympathetic state to be done, and the same is for mental and emotional healing. The effect is somehow like a meditation. There are regulations in the brain areas; when there is a tense sympathetic state, there is a rapid movement to a parasympathetic state. (www.galaxfamily.com).

Fig.47. Device for audiovisual stimulation.

The same company produces a device for the frequency therapy, discussed above —  the  BioCom device. The software indicates the use of each frequency. They are very useful at home and when traveling as a family emergency kit, and a first aid kit of light frequencies. A bio communicator is a tool that allows people to take care of their own health and the health of loved ones and explore the auto-healing capacity of the body. It is also very useful for pets, having also the possibility to record the frequencies in the drinking water, achieving interesting results. (www.biocomlux.com).

A number of devices use the biofeedback principle The is one of the most powerful systems using biofeedback based on measuring heart rate variability.

HeartMath products, tools, and techniques are based on over 25 years of scientific research conducted at the HeartMath Institute on the psychophysiology of stress, emotions, and the interactions between the heart and brain. There are over 300 peer-reviewed or independent studies utilizing HeartMath techniques or technologies to achieve beneficial outcomes that have been published. HeartMath technology is an innovative approach to improving emotional well-being. Learn to change your heart rhythm pattern to create physiological coherence; a scientifically measurable state characterized by increased order and harmony in our mind, emotions, and body.

(http://www.heartmath.com/technology-products/product-finder.html)

Fig.48. HeartMath products.

The BioCor device is a unique device that aids in correcting your health through the use of music and high frequencies. Based on your frequencies, the Bio-Well program creates individual music files, which are sent to the BioCor device and applied to special earphones together with high frequency modulated by your own frequency. This is proven in many countries as stress-relieve and well-being energy and information device. It can be used for the development of a better lifestyle and maintaining wellness. Same device with a special electrode may be used for the structuring of liquids, i.e., water. Although it can play any music file, the effect will be achieved only with the specially prepared Chakra music files from the Bio-Well software. "Bio-Cor" emits extremely low intensity (0,0001÷0,6 μW/cm2) Extremely High Frequency (EHF) electromagnetic fields (40-43 GHz, 6,97-7,5 mm wavelength ) using the special “Bio-Cor” emitter. (www.bio-well.com). Experience of hundreds of users and clinical tests demonstrate the high efficiency of the BioCor device (Korotkov, 2020).

The introduction of the Bio-Well mobile technology, operating via mobile phone, would make the use of BioCor simpler and more efficient.

Fig.49. BioCor device.

Fig. 50. Energy Field of a person before and after using BioCor device.

Fig. 51. Bio-Well mini device.

Pulse Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) Knee Device

The PEMF knee device is an FDA-approved device consisting of a cuff that surrounds the knee. It has a coil and heating pads that send magnetic pulses and heat through injured tissue. This device combines PEMF energy and thermal therapy to increase circulation, reduce swelling, relieve chronic pain and arthritis, as well as improve range of motion. It has been reported to benefit patients with osteoarthritis (Nelson, 2010). Sales of the PEMF Therapy Devices Market in 2021 had reached a level of US$ 416.6 Mn and are projected to reach revenue of US$ 1 Bn.

(https://finance.yahoo.com/news/sales-pulse-electromagnetic-field-pemf-023000709.html).

PEMF Mats

PEMF mats produce a therapeutic pulsed electromagnetic field that surrounds the entire body. PEMF whole-body mats are promoted in many countries for a wide range of therapeutic applications. Published randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trials focusing on osteoarthritis of the knee, the cervical spine, fibromyalgia, pain perception, skin ulcer healing, multiple sclerosis-related fatigue, or well-being demonstrated improvement in many cases [Hug, 2012]. PEMF mats are primarily advertised and distributed over the Internet and are often used without medical supervision.

Fig.52. PEMF Mat.

(https://newswire.net/newsroom/blog-post/00113481-how-does-pulsed-electromagnetic-field-therapy-help-the-body.html)

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation TENS

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation TENS uses electric current to stimulate nerves to induce therapeutic treatment. These devices are usually connected to the skin using electrodes. A typical TENS device is able to modulate the pulse width, frequency, and intensity of the electrical field it uses. TENS applied at frequencies above 50 Hz uses intensity below motor contraction (sensory intensity). TENS applied at frequencies below 10 Hz, uses an intensity that produces motor contractions. Studies show that TENS stimulates nerves in order to reduce both acute and chronic pain [Dubinsky, 2010].

SMF Therapy

Static magnetic field (SMF) therapy, applied via a permanent magnet attached to the skin, is used by people worldwide for self-care. Despite a lack of established SMF dosage and treatment regimens, multiple studies are conducted to evaluate SMF therapy effectiveness.  The application of static magnets over painful knee joints appears to reduce pain and enhance functional movement.

At the end of this chapter, I would like to cite excerpts from a paper that discusses in detail the situation with home medical devices (Story, 2010).

Medical Devices in Home Health Care

As the formal healthcare system has become increasingly stressed, patients are being released from hospitals and other healthcare facilities still needing care. As a consequence, both laypeople and professional caregivers are making use of a wide variety of technologies, some of them quite complex, in noninstitutional settings to manage their own health, assist others with health care, or receive assistance with health management. These technologies provide support not only for care related to acute and chronic medical conditions but also for disease prevention and lifestyle choices.

The range of medical technologies used in nonclinical environments runs the gamut in complexity from simple materials used for administering first aid to sophisticated devices used for delivering advanced medical treatment, and in size from tiny wireless devices to massive machines. Recently some medical devices have been produced as consumer products that enable people to manage their own health care more conveniently and independently (and inexpensively). For example, a wide variety of blood and urine testing kits detect different chemicals and conditions (e.g., illegal drugs, cholesterol, pregnancy). Newer consumer devices include ones that measure blood coagulation (prothrombin time and international normalized ratio, PT/INR) for people taking blood-thinning medications, blood oxygen levels (pulse-oximeter), and sleep apnea.

Home healthcare devices span a wide range, as mentioned above. Modern taxonomy uses the following major categories:

• Medication Administration Equipment—devices used to administer medications in tablet, liquid, or aerosol form.

• Test Kits—kits used for measuring the presence of various chemicals in blood or urine.

• First Aid Equipment—equipment used to care for injuries or temporary conditions.

• Assistive Technology—devices used to enhance personal capabilities, such as sensory abilities or mobility.

• Durable Medical Equipment—includes medical devices used to support the performance of basic activities of daily living, such as beds, lifts, and toileting equipment.

• Meters/Monitors—includes a wide range of devices for determining health status or managing disease conditions, either one time or on an ongoing, intermittent basis.

• Treatment Equipment—equipment used to administer various medical therapies.

• Respiratory Equipment—equipment used to treat respiratory conditions.

• Feeding Equipment—devices used for feeding.

• Voiding Equipment—devices used for releasing urine or feces from the body.

• Infant Care—includes machines used to monitor and treat infants.

• Telehealth Equipment—equipment used to collect data in the home environment and transmit the data to a remote monitoring site.

Currently, simple technologies (e.g., e-mail, the Internet, cell phones) can be used to monitor people’s health at a distance. High-resolution visual images and audio can be transmitted through telephone lines or broadband connections. In coming years, remote monitoring will increase dramatically and will involve more types of equipment in the home; technologies such as wireless electronics and digital processing will support communication between a diverse set of devices and remote healthcare providers. Some wireless devices, especially meters, and monitors, will be wearable, which will make constant monitoring possible or intermittent testing more convenient.

Telehealth technologies can be used to support adherence to treatment regimens, facilitate self-care, and provide patient education. Cameras and sensors can be used to track patient movements and behaviors in the home. Monitors can collect and transmit a variety of data to healthcare providers at a distance, eliminating the need to visit a clinic or call in. These technologies can also provide reminders to people at home, such as to take medications, measure their blood pressure, perform physical therapy, or schedule follow-up appointments.

Future technological advances will bring new devices, such as improved pacemakers, cochlear implants, and medicine delivery systems. Miniaturization of various components, including microprocessors and nanotechnology, will make possible advances to many types of medical devices used inside and outside formal healthcare settings.

Some of the devices envisioned will be embedded in common household objects, such as a biosensing chip in a toothbrush that will check blood sugar and bacteria levels; smart bandages made of fiber that will detect bacteria or a virus in a wound and then recommend appropriate treatment; smart T-shirts that will monitor the wearer’s vital signs in real-time; and heads-up displays for glasses that use pattern recognition software to help people remember human faces, inanimate objects, or other data.

Novel handheld devices may provide new capabilities for home health care, such as skin surface mapping, an imaging technology that will track changes in moles to detect malignancies; biosensors that will perform as portable laboratories; and alternative input devices such as eye blinks (electromyography) or brain activity (electroencephalography) that will facilitate hands-free device control, which will be especially useful for people with limited use of their hands (e.g., people with paralysis or arthritis).

Inevitably, as medical costs continue to climb and particularly as more devices are designed with lay users in mind, more people will use medical devices for health care in their own homes and other private and public environments. The explosion of information on the Internet has provided people with access to more data than ever before. Individuals with health concerns have resources at their fingertips that provide information about symptoms, conditions, and treatment options, which make them more informed consumers of health care services. This knowledge, in turn, enables people to be more demanding of their healthcare providers. (Lewis, 2001).

## EMF protection

Multiple United Nations meetings on the impact of the environment on public health, the Stockholm Declaration (1972), and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe adopted Resolution 1815 (2011) confirm that there was sufficient evidence of potentially harmful effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the environment and human health. In this document, the Council invited its member states to take measures concerning cell phones and Wi-Fi networks and specifically requested that the use of such devices in schools be banned.

The potential health effects of very low-frequency electromagnetic fields surrounding power lines and electrical devices are the subject of ongoing research and considerable public debate. According to the World Health Organization, electromagnetic fields of all frequencies represent one of the most common and rapidly growing environmental exposures about which there is widespread concern. The entire population is now exposed to some degree of electromagnetic fields, which will continue to increase as technology advances. Mobile telephones have become commonplace throughout the world. This wireless technology is based on an extensive network of fixed antennas or base stations, transmitting information using high-frequency signals. As the number of base stations and local wireless networks increases, the high frequency impacts the population. It is becoming clear that there is a problem, it will only grow, and it must be solved.

It is clear that at the moment, it is impossible to restrict the development of frequency technologies, and their negative influence on the population will be worsening. The only solution is the search for protection from harmful external effects with the help of modern nanotechnology.

EMF hypersensitivity syndrome (or EHS) is a highly controversial topic in the field of medicine. At the same time, the World Health Organization lists the symptoms of EHS as including “fatigue, tiredness, concentration difficulties, dizziness, nausea, heart palpitation, and digestive disturbances.” In some cases, the symptoms are so extreme that those who suffer from EHS find themselves unable to be in areas with Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. There is not a significant amount of science that has been performed on the topic of electromagnetic hypersensitivity. But, the body of scientific research demonstrating that EHS is a real medical condition does exist and is growing (Heuser, 2017. Aalto, 2006. Carpenter, 2015. Hedendahl, 2015). The effect of mobile phone EMF may be detected by Bio-Well technology (Korotkov, 2022, 2020. Fig. 35).

Fig.56. The effect of talking on a mobile phone on the Bio-Well Energy parameter of a person. 1 – initial condition, 2 – at the moment of talk.

There are many devices on the market, which claim protection from the mobile phone EMF, but few of them can present evidence of the real effect. We tested some of them and found that many do not have any protective power, but some can really do it.

Noxtak products are composed of SPIRO® (Spin Radiation Organizer) films that contain nanoparticles with magnetic moments that present stable natural moments together. SPIRO® technology can be summarized as a nanocomposite material that exhibits stable ferromagnetism in the nanoscale. Its natural magnetic anisotropy facilitates spin polarization of elementary particles in electromagnetic waves, thanks to spin-orbit interaction, and Bloch walls. This process eliminates the harmful effects of non-ionizing radiation. In other words, these nanomagnetic properties promote responses of natural polarization in the fundamental particles with which it interacts, reducing the level of entropy that this non-ionizing radiation from artificial sources carries in the form of electromagnetic disturbances, thus resulting in an SOI (spin-orbit interaction) and coherent domains of low entropy and strong stability in their domain walls (Bloch walls). This makes these emissions compatible with the body’s bioelectric system, facilitating a healthy electromagnetic exchange at the cellular level (Noxtak.com).

Open, randomized, placebo-controlled trials for 30 days were conducted for 50 people. Participants, 50 healthy athletes, aged 14-25 years, men and women, were measured initially with HRV and Bio-Well technologies, randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control), and measured 30 days later after using Noxtak technology in the experimental group and placebo in the control group. Participants using Noxtak electromagnetic protection for 30 days demonstrated positive changes in psychophysiology parameters, and experienced growth in aerobic capacity, physical performance, energy potential, and their bodies' adaptive reserves, while physiological parameters of athletes using a placebo did not change or worsened (Korotkov, 2022).

In another study, 40 apparently healthy adults, aged 22 – 56 years, 13 men and 27 women, were randomly divided into two groups of 20 people.  Participants in the control group for two weeks, twice a day were listening to classical music; participants in an experimental group for two weeks, twice a day were listening to Quantum Resonance Technology apps Yippi Wave 3.0 audio programs via their mobile phone.

After two weeks participants of the experimental group did not respond to the radiation of the mobile phone, while for the participants of the control group, strong negative reactions were recorded (Korotkov, 2020). According to the software developers (https://yippiweb.com/what-is-wave), their device uses the principle of subtle energy. Subtle energy is a term that refers to any type of energy that has some empirical scientific support for its existence but nonetheless lies outside of the four forces accepted by mainstream science: the strong and weak nuclear forces, electromagnetism, and gravity [Tiller, 1993] (https://fmbr.org/symbols-and-subtle-energy/).

Without going into a discussion about the nature of this phenomenon, we realize that it is possible to modulate the radiation of the phone in a certain way using the application on the phone. When the audio file was turned on, the electromagnetic field in the environment was modulated, which influenced water [Korotkov, 2020.2], gas-discharge sensor [Korotkov, 2020.3], and the physiological state of a person, especially the autonomic nervous system.

If you type "cell phone protection" into an Internet search box, you will get hundreds of suggestions. Some companies offer phone cases made of special materials, but this does not protect against exposure during a conversation. Many offers of various stickers on the phone, the authors of which assure their effectiveness, but without verification it is impossible to believe it. Of course, different people react differently to EMF, and hypersensitivity is a rare occurrence. But caution won't hurt. The main rule is not to keep the phone near the head while talking — use headphones; put the phone away while sleeping; limit children's conversations. The child should have a phone with fixed buttons "mom, dad, grandma". Obviously, the phone is an integral part of our lives, but every effort should be made to remove potential risks.

## Part 5. The Main Conditions of Good Health

## Water and life

Extracts from the book (Voeikov, 2017).

> “We drink 80% of our diseases” Louis Pasteur

“WATER IS LIFE” is as true for non-humans as it is for humans. No wonder the earth’s natural waters teem with various living organisms—many of which are dangerous for humans.

At the same time, the inexorable statistics show that 80% of all diseases in the world are caused by an unsatisfactory quality of drinking water and violations of sanitary and hygienic standards of the water supply.

The so-called “water diseases” can be divided into four groups:

• Diseases caused by infected water (typhus, cholera, dysentery, poliomyelitis, gastroenteritis, and hepatitis)

• Diseases of the skin and mucous membranes caused by using contaminated water for drinking and washing (from common pimples to trachoma and leprosy)

• Diseases caused by water-dwelling mollusks (schistosomiasis and dracunculiasis)

• Diseases caused by vector insects that live and breed in the water (malaria, yellow fever, etc.)

Modern water supply systems often malfunction. When this happens, it directly causes outbreaks of water-related diseases. American researchers believe that the main cause of many epidemics is insufficient purification and disinfection of water. More than 2 million people die every year from malaria alone. Water-dwelling mosquitoes carry the disease. Large-scale studies conducted in several Russian cities reveal statistically valid connections between the number of people asking for medical aid in relation to gastrointestinal diseases (in particular, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer), and the potable water quality indices. The most significant statistical correlations of these diseases were found to be with the concentrations of iron and heavy metals, and the color and turbidity indices in tap water.

Specialists have detected the influence of drinking water with increased hardness, and increased contents of sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, and cyanobacteria on the development of urolithiasis and cholelithiasis, functional disorders of the stomach and allergic diseases. The results of the scientific studies indicate that due to intensive pollution of surface water bodies and disturbances of the ecological balance, the water-dwelling microorganisms secrete resistant toxic substances that affect the nervous, immune, and digestive systems of human organisms and cause mutagenic aftereffects.

In addition, the problem of the formation of toxic organ chlorine compounds (including dioxins) in drinking water during its chlorine disinfection is becoming more and more urgent. But the list of problems facing ordinary consumers of potable tap water in their own kitchens is still not complete. The fact is well known that we receive up to 25% of our required daily amount of mineral substances with water. And these mineral substances have a significantly higher physiological value than those supplied with food. Any surplus (as well as regular deficit) of a chemical element can easily transform water from friend to foe. Here is an example: a surplus of sodium chloride (the principal factor in water mineralization) above 1g/l (0.12 oz/gal) results in increased reactivity of blood vessels, deposition of salts on the vessel walls (the main reason for strokes and heart attacks!) and disturbances within the water-salt balance of the human organism.

One can hardly argue with the importance of iron for the correct functioning of the human organism. This macro-element is an essential component of hemoglobin and myoglobin and it is a part of cells and enzymes. But even ancient people knew that a cure and a poison often differ only in dosage. Medical researchers observed that long-term intake of water with increased content of iron increases the risk of strokes, affects our skeletal system, and has a negative effect on reproduction. Moreover, dry and itching skin is also an indication of an iron surplus in the body.

However, the consequences of excessive intake of other macro- and micro-elements are no less dangerous: increased concentration of copper affects mucous membranes, kidneys, and liver; surplus of nickel affects the skin; surplus of zinc results in kidney disease. An accumulation of chromium, lead and cadmium promotes the development of oncological diseases and disorders of the nervous system. Intake of water with high contents of boron and bromine results in diseases of the digestive system.

In the last few years, scientists have been actively discussing the role of aluminum in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Concentrations of aluminum in water above 0.5 mg/l or 0.5 ppm are proven to significantly increase the mortality rate from this disease. Such concentrations were demonstrated to have an inhibitory action on the central nervous system and the immune system of children. A high concentration of fluorine in water (limit value is 1.5 mg/l or 1.5 ppm) tarnishes the teeth with stains (fluorosis), while insufficient concentration is a high-risk factor for cavities in the teeth.

Also, the hardness of water, which was not regarded seriously by the medics until now, is drawing a lot of attention. Extremely soft water increases mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. The risk of chronic nephritis and hepatitis, increased mortality, toxicoses of pregnancy and congenital malformations come from drinking water polluted with nitrogen-bearing and organochlorine compounds.

Of course, this list of dangers to our health from the intake of low-quality water is far from complete. What can we do? We need to prepare good potable water at home.

What is good potable water?

> Whiskey's for drinking, water's for fighting about.

> Mark Twain (1835-1910)

What kind of water runs from our tap? What substances does it contain? Is it safe to drink? In different areas of the country, tap water is supplied either from underground sources like boreholes or from surface sources like rivers, lakes, and water storage reservoirs.

The first and most obligatory level of water quality testing is compliance with the State Standard that specifies the standard norms for various pollutants. These norms define a safe level of pollutant contents. If a substance is found in the water in a concentration below its threshold limit value, this water can be used for human consumption without being a threat to health. Yet, this does not indicate that this water is biologically active or good for our health.

Surface water is usually more prone to pollution. Water reservoirs can become contaminated with sewage from factories and farms, acid rain, or with microscopic algae and even pathogenic microorganisms that propagate in the water. Freshwater reservoirs are among those ecosystems that are most affected by mankind’s activities. This is why such water is more thoroughly cleaned. Special water treatment stations filter the water, bind its pollutants with coagulating agents and, prior to supplying the water to the water supply system, sterilize it to destroy any microorganisms lurking there.

Usually, water from artesian wells is less polluted, since polluting substances from the surface cannot reach it so easily. However, such water tends to have higher contents of dissolved salts of calcium and magnesium. In other words, its hardness is greater. And such water is sometimes cleaned in a rather superficial way, relying on its natural purity. But pollutants still can penetrate very deeply through the cracks in rocks.

Water from boreholes, springs, and wells should be examined with extra attention. One can never guess whether sewage waters have contaminated any water-bearing strata in the underground rocks they pass on their way. From the many underground burials of industrial waste, as well as ordinary industrial landfills and sewages, there is also the danger of leakage. The spring water resulting from this would be a source of some most unexpected components.

One never really knows where containers dating from the cold war might be buried—deep below the ground, somewhere in the woods, near an abandoned firing ground… After several decades, these containers gradually deteriorate, causing poisonous substances to be washed away by rainwater. These processes are especially active in spring, during floods. Perhaps the poison enters our underground streamlets, flowing for dozens of miles along the water-bearing horizon, until it enters a clear spring surrounded by people filling up their empty bottles. No comment.

So, what should we do to have good water? The main idea is that those wishing to be healthy and merry should take care of those themselves. Your health is in your hands. You decide what to eat and what water you wish to drink. Obviously, potable water must be specially prepared. There are several moments that define good potable water.

• First, the water must be clean and purified from harmful impurities.

• Second, it must contain a set of useful minerals and a certain level of bicarbonates. As shown in the works of V. L. Voeikov, the bicarbonates are the basis for the creation of good water.

• Water needs to be able to move—to boil, to flow, to explode, to spray, to twist into whirlpools in full accordance with the conclusions of the theory and the homeopathic practice.

• Magnetic or electric fields can influence water.

• Light has a huge impact. As demonstrated, in the works of G. Pollack, light can create good water—as well as kill it. Currently, studying a variety of spectral sources of light will open up a huge field for further experimentation.

• All experiments are related to the influence of the time of the year and the geophysical environment. Water responds to the moon, the sun, and the changing of the seasons. Thus, the same procedures can lead to different results during the spring and autumn.

• Water becomes structured in the presence of crystals and some minerals (for example shungite).

• Water is affected by the geometry of the vessel in which it is located, not to mention the material from which the vessel is made. A good wine will never be served in a plastic bottle. Silver vessels in the Middle Ages prevented many people from epidemics.

• Information transfer makes it possible to create the structure of coherent domains in water. But this process, as we have seen in the experiments of Montagnier and Konovalov, has many peculiarities. (But if you just set two bottles with different waters next to each other, not the fact that something would happen. The result requires a thorough review).

• The conditions of water storage and transportation are of paramount importance. It's one thing to use some device at home to consume freshly prepared water and quite another thing if this water is produced elsewhere and transported over long distances.

• Then, at last, there’s the influence of a person. We have no doubt that this is a significant factor. In winemaking, it is well known that some individuals produce very fine wines, while others, only table wines. As we know from many experiments, people exist who can affect water—some, merchandizing it as healing. Yet, even a simple man can charm the water simply with his positive mood or through prayer.

What are the methods for water treatment which you may use at home?

The first obligatory stage is filtration. There are several countries where you do not need to do it, like Switzerland, but in most cases, if you use communal water, you need to use filters — both for cold and hot water (we consume water through our skin while taking a shower). Of course, filter cartridges should be replaced at regular intervals, especially in the frost-free season. The scourge of any filter is the growth of microflora that starts actively polluting the water and turns a healthy device into a potential health hazard.

New devices have been created in the last few years—not just as a guaranteed way of water purification—but also as a means for making the water beneficial for our health. The innovative working principle of such devices is creating structured water.

Structured water is natural or artificially prepared water in which most of the molecules are in resonance, forming regions with coherent properties, the so-called "Coherent Domains.” This concept was introduced by the Italian physicist Emilio del Giudichi, who developed the quantum electrodynamic theory of water structure (Giudichi, 2010). A great contribution was made by Professor Gerald Pollack (Pollack, 2017. Voeikov, 2017) who introduced the concept of an "exclusive zone" formed by water in contact with most surfaces. Many modern water structuring devices and appliances are based on these principles. Naturally, the result of such devices requires special verification in scientific laboratories, so when choosing a particular device, it is necessary to see if it has an evidence base.

In our practice, we have encountered several times both water and devices that gave very interesting results. We will not cite any brands or websites, we have not had the task of comparing different manufacturers with each other.

For any device, we evaluate the water before and after the device by GRV, measure pH and electrical conductivity, and look at how these parameters change over time — this allows us to evaluate the stability of the coherent domain (nano-associates) structure created.

The most important point is to evaluate the biological effects of structured water. To do this, it is necessary to conduct experiments on microorganisms, plants, and laboratory animals. The technique of such experiments is well worked out (Korotkov, 2019). After that, we can proceed to experiments on humans.

The simplest thing is to watch the state of a person before and after a glass of structured water. Sometimes results are very revealing.

At the St. Petersburg "Science, Information, Spirit" congress in 2014, French researcher Guy Londechamp presented his development. The geometrical construction presented a 16 mm diameter copper tube, consisting of an ascending part with a torsion step with a left turn, and a descending part divided into 2 symmetrical sections (with synchronized torsion steps directed in opposite directions), which were connected in a final matrix.

After testing over 100 people, Londeschamp found that 80% had increased field energy and many had balanced chakras. The latter is an indicator of psycho-emotional balance. It should be noted that an increase in energy can only be recorded in people who have relatively low energy at baseline. When everything is good, there is nothing to improve. Below are a few examples.

Naturally, the question arises: how long does this effect persist? Measurements show that the improvement after a single drink of water lasts from half an hour to an hour. But this does not mean that it is necessary to drink it every hour - it makes sense to drink a couple of liters per day, although it depends on many factors: age, weight, climate, physical activity, and so on.

Figure 57. Change of bioenergy after one glass of structured water.

A group of specialists from St. Petersburg Medical University conducted an investigation into the long-term effect of consuming structured water (Gavrilova, 2012). The study was conducted on athletes living and training at the St Petersburg School of the Olympic Reserve. The advantages of such cohorts are that they are all about the same age, healthy, undergo regular medical examinations, live and train in the same conditions, eating the same food. Therefore, it is easy to organize randomized groups in which all participants have roughly the same physiological state.

Forty boys and girls participated in the study. Using HRV and Bio-Well complex techniques, their physiological parameters were measured in their initial state. Then they were subjected to physical loading: 10 minutes of active work on the bike while doctors measured recovery parameters after exercise. Then the whole group was randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, participants for a month drank only the structured water from a special filter, while the control group only drank regular bottled water. The subjects knew about the purpose of the experiment but were not informed of the type of water they would drink.

A month later, the measurement process with loading was repeated. The results were clear: there was a statistically significant difference in the physiological parameters of the control and experimental groups. The authors of the study came to the following conclusions:

1. The results of the experiment show that after a month of drinking structured water, athletes experienced statistically significant changes in the parameters of their cardiovascular system. Heart rate parameters and diastolic blood pressure decreased after exercise, while recovery time following exercise also decreased by 18%. This data indicates improvements in physical performance, optimization of the circulatory system, and enhanced exercise tolerance. Such trends were not observed in the control group.

2. Based on a variety of pulsometry data, members of the experimental group had a tendency towards the optimization of the vegetative balance (increased parasympathetic effects on the Heart Rate Variability parameters and decreased sympathetic ones). This attests to the improvement of the capabilities of the body.

3. In response to exercise, athletes in the experimental group demonstrated an increase in the values of their mental strength factor, reflecting the level of competitive readiness.

4. Data obtained using the GDV method suggested that the values of energy parameters for the athletes in the experimental group remained stable, whereas the control group exhibited a decline in the values of these parameters. At the same time, in the experimental group, there were significant increases in the energy potential values pertaining to specific organs and organ systems.

In conclusion, the results of the experiment demonstrated that athletes drinking water (that had passed through a special filter), experienced growth in aerobic capacity, physical performance, and energy potential, along with their bodies’ adaptive reserves.

Similar studies were later conducted with a large group of students - with the same result. It was shown that the use of structured water contributes to the growth of aerobic capacity and adaptive reserves of the body, increasing physical performance and energy potential (Korotkov, 2019).

The result is convincing. It clearly shows that if you constantly drink good water, the body could much more easily cope with the strains of everyday life. Good water, in particular, is one of the prerequisites for longevity. Naturally, this fully applies to animals and plants.

A large experiment was conducted in India under the leadership of scientists at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (Bangalore). Farmers were provided with special devices developed by an Australian-American company, in which water flows through a tube, which contains natural crystals and glass spheres, creating toroidal vortex water flows. This movement mimics the flow of water in mountain streams. It’s the opinion of the inventors, that this type of water flow gives water special dynamic and structural properties. Water, after the device has been tested with the GDV device, showed a statistically significant difference between the original and structured water.

Local Indian farmers were asked to water some of their fields with structured water, and some with normal. The result exceeded all expectations.

 | Conventional water | Structured water
PLANTS |  | 
The acreage | 0.375 acres | 0.375 acres

> Wheat Harvest

355 kg | 640 kg
Zucchini Harvest | 1100 kg | 2250 kg
Tomatoes Harvest | 1326 kg | 2042 kg
Cotton Plant Height | 23,7 cm | 35,5 cm
Beans Harvest per bush | 0.702 kg | 1.458 kg
Green Peppers Harvest | 38.5 kg | 68.7 kg
CHICKENS |  | 
Total Weight | 3864 kg | 5528 kg
Average Weight | 1.59 kg | 2.20 kg

The benefit of structured water not only sowed in an increase in the chicken’s overall weight but the following moments were also noted:

• Not a single case of chicks death was reported.

• Antibiotics were not used.

• Chickens looked healthier and were more active.

• All chickens were around the same weight. All these results were obtained only through the use of non-expensive systems of water activation!

The English engineer, John Wilkes (1930 – 2011) 2008, created a Fund for Water Foundation, which aims to help water to support life. On the basis of the principles of fractal geometry, they design and build, in stone and ceramics, biodynamic geometric shapes which can be symmetrical, to organize the flow of water. They are not designed for private gardens, public spaces, or industrial production. In all cases, they are based on principles developed by Wilkes and his followers. Dynamic water is used in the manufacture of products and processes with improved quality without incurring additional costs. An important application is the use of biodynamic designs for the cleanup and revitalization of water.

Since 1979, the Fund has performed over 5,000 projects in 79 countries. It is interesting to note that after such treatment, around the reservoirs the number of mosquitoes became sharply reduced. The Fund holds a large volume of research on plants and biological crops. The results are always revealing. Figure 33 shows an example of the stems of coriander grown in the same conditions using conventional and biodynamic water. In biodynamic conditions, the plant acquired the ability to fractal self-organization — it changed the shape of the leaves and increased its root system. The plants also became more viable and more effectively coped with pests and diseases.

In our homes we are using three-stage filtration with commercially available filters, then we structure potable water with a CrystalBlue device (http://www.crystalblueent.com); this water we pour into silver or clay jar with shungite, amber, and silicon. (Shungite is a black, lustrous, non-crystalline mineraloid consisting mostly of carbon. It was first described from a deposit near Shunga village, in Karelia,  Russia, from where it gets its name. Shungite has been reported to contain fullerenes).

## Your mind is your doctor

> Si tibi defician medici, medici tibe fiant tria: mens laeta, requies, moderata diaeta.

> If you need a doctor, use three principles: a cheerful mind, tranquility and a moderate diet.

> Latin Proverb, Ancient Rome

All of the previous chapters were devoted to various methods of influencing the physical body, but an important part of working with the patient is psychological analysis and support. We live in difficult times — political cataclysms, wars, economic difficulties, natural disasters — every day we receive mostly negative information from the news.

All this affects the psychological state. Stress and anxiety have become the most common problem for a large part of the population worldwide. The consumption of antidepressants is growing. Good psychotherapists do not complain about the lack of clients. Numerous studies show that long-term stress, the dominance of the sympathetic nervous system, inevitably leads to the development of various diseases, often with unclear etiology. Autonomic disorders arising from stress have become one of the problems of modern medicine, including in people who consider themselves practically healthy. As Professor S. A. Parcernyak (2002) notes:

> The influence of stress factors leads to the inhibition of the functional activity of various body systems, and the depletion of adaptive mechanisms leads to morphofunctional disorders, which are not always verified in borderline conditions. An important place in these processes belongs to the immune system, changes that occur in the early stages of adaptive reactions under extreme influences. In the process of vegetative dysfunction formation, an immuno-pathological state emerges, which disorganizes the structure of the organism's functional regulation and underlies the failure of adaptation processes and the development of vegetative disorders.

There are a few basic rules for reducing anxiety and stress. First of all, be less nervous about minor things. Many people perceive completely insignificant events as something extraordinary and this causes strong negative emotions.

Count to ten before you respond to an unpleasant remark — whether it's in communication with loved ones or encountering rudeness. This will be enough to cool you down a bit to respond in a calmer tone. How much family drama and turmoil comes from the fact that spouses are getting hot and insulting to each other? All this could have been avoided simply by stopping an unpleasant conversation at some point.

Watch less news — it's mostly negative information that affects the subcortex, affects your mood, and increases stress levels.

Communicating with animals has a huge impact on a person at any age. Some people like cats. For others, their best friend is their dog. A good friend of mine, the famous German healer Christos Drossinakis, has set up a dog shelter in his villa in Greece. Twelve stray dogs live in the garden and 18 small dogs live in the living room. And he loves and cares for all of them. Hippotherapy —rehabilitation of patients with disorders such as autism, cerebral palsy, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, brain injury, stroke, spinal cord injury, and behavioral and mental disorders through adaptive horseback riding — is an internationally recognized and widely used method.

Communicate with nature. On your day off, instead of doing the endless household chores, go to nature — to a park, to the woods, to the sea or lake. Just walk around for a few hours and try to feel the energy of the place. If possible, go away on a trip, to beautiful and interesting places, and distract yourself from your daily life. Numerous studies show that water procedures, swimming, and bathing, have a positive effect on mental state, physical health, and immunity (Antoneli, 2019. Mao, 2018. Ideno, 2017). In the Russian tradition, bathing and winter swimming in the ice hole were part of our daily culture.

There is a long tradition of people taking pilgrimages to special environments and so-called sacred spaces for healing (Klanten, 2010. Nelson, 2006. Silva, 2016). Research by Govinda DeCastro (2012) suggests certain characteristics make up a sacred space — namely approach, threshold, proportion, sound vibration, light and shadow, color, memory, connection with nature, and the full engagement of the senses. Today, there are many types of approaches to encountering a sacred space, including forest bathing, crop circles, ancient sites, pilgrimages, vortices, and relics. Many studies show favorable effects to reduce stress and improve how the nervous system is functioning, including heart rate variability. Certain architectural spaces too have been understood to provide forms of healing (Cannon, 2013).

Stone circles too have a long history of producing health-related phenomena with a very significant spectrum of effects on individuals (Silva, 2016). We can find more than 400 peer-reviewed articles on evidence-based healthcare design and reported relationships between design strategies or environmental interventions and healthcare outcomes (Marcus, 2016.  Ulrich, 2008). In two categories – reduced pain and reduced patient stress – “especially strong evidence” was found indicating a link between access to nature and health outcomes. Research also indicates a link between access to nature and reduced depression, reduced length of stay, increased patient satisfaction, decreased staff stress, and increased satisfaction.

So-called “sacred objects” can be found within a sacred space or independent of such spaces. An excellent source on this topic is Alexandra Walsham’s “Introduction: Relics and Remains” (2010), which is a collection of essays by historians, anthropologists, archeologists, and scholars of religion considering relics in a broad comparative and chronological perspective ranging from antiquity to the modern day and including Europe, Africa, Latin America, and China. Using a Bio-Well device it is possible to detect measurable effects of sacred subjects on the environment and on people (Korotkov, 2022. Barsotti, 2023).

By meditating in such places, many trained people go into an Altered State of Consciousness (ASC). In my “The Energy of Consciousness” book, I discuss this topic in detail. It has now become the subject of in-depth scientific research, made possible by the methods of neuropsychology and the changing attitudes of the scientific community and the general public toward this issue. The widespread distribution of psychedelics, marijuana in particular, in many countries has given a new impetus to this topic.

The attitude toward remote (mental) healing has changed as well. Now it is an interesting part of integrative medical practice. Of course, this is a complicated question that needs a lot of experimentation and discussion.

In his meta-analysis Dean Radin (2015) focused on a pragmatic question: Does it work? There are 2 aspects to this question. The first is about proof of principle: If person A and person B are strictly isolated by shielding, distance, or time, is there empirical evidence that A can affect B in any way? The second aspect is about Distant Healing Intention (DHI’) efficacy as a healing therapy: Can A in fact heal B? The proof-of-principle question has been examined through 3 classes of experiments: (1) mind-to-mind connections, (2) direct interactions between mind and matter, and (3) laboratory analogs of DHI, known as experiments on “distant mental interactions with living systems.”

Hundreds of experiments in these 3 classes have been published and meta-analyzed. Cumulatively, they provide evidence that the answer to the first question is “Yes, A can affect B at a distance.” The effect sizes observed in these experiments tend to be small in magnitude, and it is not entirely clear that the interaction is causal in the classic sense of that term, but the correlations observed in controlled experiments have been independently and successfully repeated in laboratories around the world.

Clinical trials testing the effectiveness of DHI have been conducted since the mid-1990s.  Both systematic and meta-analytic reviews have been published. Despite the continuing popularity of DHI as an alternative healing modality, when it comes to assessing clinical efficacy, high-quality experiments have so far failed to show reliable effects. The contradiction between persistent popularity and lack of clinical effectiveness may be due on the one hand to some healers, in some contexts, who do seem to produce remarkable outcomes.

On the other hand conventional evidenced-based protocols may be incompatible with the nature of DHI phenomena. Tools must match the requirements of the subject, and if the right tools are not available, then new ones must be devised. In other words, it is inadvisable to use a sledgehammer to study the surface structure of a soap bubble. In sum, the implications of DHI for basic science epistemology and ontology and for pragmatic efforts to improve health and healing are vast, deep, and perennially intriguing (Radin, 2015).

Hufford and colleagues in their paper (2015) discuss in detail the "Barriers to the Entry of Biofield Healing into “Mainstream.” In particular, they mention:

> Biofield healing fits the integrative model well, provides a novel approach to therapeutic intervention, and is developing in a manner that can integrate with current medical science in simple ways. Yet, it still remains outside the conventional framework because of its conceptual bases, which contrast sharply with conventional assumptions regarding the nature of reality. As this etymology shows, healing has always had a spiritual connotation. One’s return to wholeness may be physical, psychological, spiritual, or all three.  In contrast, the contemporary meaning of curing is the elimination of (mostly physical) disease.

Psychological state and stress level have a direct impact on longevity. To a large extent, it is known that the rate of aging and human lifespan is determined by socioeconomic conditions and lifestyle. Genetic factors play an important, but much smaller role. As statistical studies involving tens of thousands of people around the world have shown, life expectancy is not directly related to lifestyle, nutrition, or material wealth. Among century-old veterans, there are also millionaires, beggars, vegetarians, and meat-eaters. In this case, it is important not only to live long, but also to remain in sanity, and at least with some memory. And yet, with careful analysis, we can draw certain conclusions. It is possible to formulate clearly what to do and what to avoid in order living cheerful, energetic life, keeping a clear mind until old age and avoid outright traps on the way to longevity. Though, the endpoint will still depend on the will of the Creator. We can only help Him to make our lives happy with our weaknesses, or prevent us from doing so.

Famous Russian oncologists Prof. Gennady Mikhailovich Zharinov and Vladimir Nikolaevich Anisimov have collected large statistics on the life expectancy of people of different professions. It turned out that scientists and musicians live the longest. And, this phenomenon is observed, since the seventeenth century when the exact biographical data became available. Classical music performers live much longer than musicians of other genres, and a significant part of them crosses the 90 years or even the 100-year threshold. And these results are not much different for men and women. Apparently, the sounds of classical music have a harmonizing effect and memory has to be trained all the time.

The works of G.M. Zharinov and V.N. Anisimov also showed that the risk of death was inversely proportional to the level of education. Moreover, such conclusions were made by many researchers in different parts of the world. One recognized indicator of age is the length of telomeres, tiny formations at the end of each chromosome that have a protective function. In each division cycle, the telomeres of cells become slightly shortened, this process takes many years, but with age, it becomes more visible. In persons with higher education, telomeres are longer, which suggests that they will age later.

However, telomeres can also increase. Their length increases with each new stage of education. The higher the qualifications, the longer the person will live. Statistics show that scientists live longer than people of other specialties (not counting musicians, but if a scientist also plays an instrument, it additionally prolongs his life. Remember Einstein with a violin in his hands?) Nobel laureates live longer than PhDs, and those, in turn, longer than ordinary researchers. Perhaps satisfaction with the results achieved increases self-esteem and helps reduce stress.

But this barrel of honey has its own spoonful of tar. In the twenty and twenty-first centuries, women with high education often had shorter life compared to their less educated peers. This is due to the peculiarities of our society, where the key positions are mainly occupied by men, and women still have to constantly prove their worth.

This happens in many "male" dominated areas: business, science, and politics. That is why women have a much higher level of stress than men in the same positions. We must also consider that women have a biologically higher level of stress. The biological role of women is as the Guardian of the Hearth:  the Mother must take care of her family and her children. Whereas, a man is a hunter, a miner, or a warrior: his biological role is to conceive children and the grass does not grow further.

In today's Western world, this attitude is gradually changing, but it is still far from being equal. We know outstanding women — Nobel laureates, Presidents, and owners of large businesses, but they are a minority in comparison with men. And there is no need to recall that the Islamic world still has medieval ideas about the role of women. In Saudi Arabia, women were only recently allowed to drive a car.

Another way to prolong life is through sports and physical activity. The conclusion is: athletes live longer than their non-sports brothers. Researchers from Finland have compared life expectancy and health data for 900 Finnish athletes and their brothers who are removed from sports. On average, the athletes lived longer and suffered less from chronic diseases. Athletes also lead healthier lives in old age and are more likely to be in a good mood. Representatives of sports requiring endurance, on average, live longer than professionals in strength training. There is no doubt that moderate physical activity at any age contributes to maintaining health and prolonging active aging.

In the middle of the last century, the phenomenon of a sharp increase in life expectancy appeared. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, only a quarter of the world's population reached 40 years on average, most lived to 30. After 1950, life expectancy increased dramatically in Europe, the USA, China, and Cuba. In the twenty-first century, there was a rise in most countries of the world. The number of older people who have crossed the 80-90-year mark is increasing, which leads to another phenomenon.

Table. Averaged Life Span in different Time Eras

The Era | Life Span, ages | The Era | Life Span, ages
Paleolithic | 33 | Americas | 30
Neolithic | 20 | Medieval England | 30
Bronze and Iron Age | 35+ | England XVI-XVIII | 40+
Classic Greece | 28 | Beginning of XX Century | 45
Ancient Rome | 28 | XXI Century | 79

As geneticist Evgeny Levitov notes:

> It is believed that the main result of increased life expectancy is that older people now live longer. But it isn't. The main, huge, strategic, change before our eyes all of humanity as a result of the jump in life expectancy is not that old age now lasts longer, but that it starts much later. For those who are 40, 50, or 55 years old today, the old age will only start at 75-80 years old. That is a quarter of a century for a good 25 years! − later than our parents' generation. Until quite recently there were only 3 main periods in human life: youth, maturity, old age. Now "maturity" happens at 50 and marks the beginning of a completely new, simply not existing before a stage in human life.

https://spektrnews.in.ua/news/nemnogo-faktov-iz-mira-genetiki---evgeniy-levitov/41137

What do we know about it?

1. It lasts almost 30 years, from 50 to about 75-80.

2. Contrary to previous conceptions, a person's physical and intellectual capacities do not decrease during this period with the right approach and remain at least as good and in some cases better than in youth.

3. This is potentially the best, highest-quality period in human life because it combines health, strength, and life experience. "If youth knew if old age could" is no longer about us. According to all statistics of recent years, the happiest time in life, its peak can now come at about 65 years.

4. Those, who are 55-65 years old today, are the first to live during this period in the history of mankind. It simply hasn't happened before, because people have aged much earlier.

5. In the next few decades, people aged 50-75 will be the largest age group on the planet.

If you are over 50, then absolutely everything is possible for you today: new hobbies, new joys, and impressions, new careers, new love, and new travels. And the quality of these life experiences far exceeds everything that was available to green, unskilled youth or burdened with obligations of maturity.

Do not waste this time in vain. Then you will be very sorry!

But don't ruin your own life. Back in 1932, a study was published by an insurance company about the life expectancy of a large group of people in 10 years. It turned out that people aged 50 to 59 years, whose weight exceeded the norm by 15-20%, had a mortality rate 17% higher than the average population. If the excess weight was 25-34%, the mortality rate was 41% higher! And the mortality rate of fat people between 20 and 29 years was 80% higher than the average. Now you won't find such data − it's insensitive − chubby people can get hurt. Once again, I emphasize that negative emotions and uncompensated stress are one of the main provocateurs of cardiovascular disease and the main cause of death. So do not be afraid of cholesterol, eat fat and fatty meat, and smile. Also, evil, irritable people do not live long − as well as thieves, rapists, and murderers. Except in a prison bed with a life sentence − spite the state!

Thirteen effective ways to extend life (recommendations of the University of Geneva):

> 1. Set nontrivial tasks for your brain.

> 2. Eat tomatoes.

> 3. Get rid of the alarm clock.

> 4. Ignore public opinion.

> 5.   Get a pet.

> 6.   Love the chocolate.

> 7.   Get some faith.

> 8.   Learn a language, and learn to play a musical instrument.

> 9.   Listen to classical music.

> 10. Be friends with the sun.

> 11. Dance!

> 12. Laugh more often.

## Conclusions

Modern technology is constantly evolving, and new devices, new programs, and new capabilities are appearing all the time. The development of artificial intelligence opens up yet unclear prospects for creating "smart" devices, and the problems of an aging population will stimulate further development of remote access medicine. We did not pretend to cover all existing directions and devices; our task was to show the main trends and applications of modern quantum technologies. We hope that this monograph will be useful for specialists and interesting for a wide range of professionals. We will be grateful for feedback and suggestions.

Best regards

Professor Konstantin Korotkov

2023

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